DEMULCENTS. 65 
oblong capsule divided into three cells containing numerous 
seeds. The root is one of the best medicines known fora 
stomach tonic; we have heard people say that this alone cured 
them of terrible pains in that organ. It is very bitter, and on 
this account is a good tonic and appetiser, causing an activity 
in the secretions of the stomach. Those who are trying to leave 
off tobacco find it a help to ward off the craving for the pipe 
to chew a piece of the root occasionally. The powder in 
combination with marsh mallow is Dr. Fox’s Colic Mixture, 
and a valuable one itis. In bitters calamus will be found a 
most useful ingredient. 
DEMULCENTS. 
This group of medicines has more or less nutrient qualities, 
Their work is to soothe the parts they come in contact with, 
and shield the stomach and intestines, and the mucous mem- 
brane. As poultices and lotions they are also good. 
The inner bark of the 
SLIPPERY ELM (Uumus Futva), 
Deserves the highest place in this useful list. The tree itself 
is thus described in the American Dispensatory: ‘This species 
of Elm is indigenous, growing in all parts of the United States 
north of the Carolinas, but most abundantly west of the 
Alleghany Mountains. It flourishes in open, elevated situa- 
tions, and requires a firm dry soil. From the white elm it is 
distinguished by its rough branches, its larger, thicker, and 
rougher leaves, its downy buds, and the character of its 
flowers and seeds. Its period of flowering is in April. The 
inner bark is the part used, and is brought to the shops 
