is green and most nutritious and before its seeds are formed. . 
This will serve to admit sunlight to the slower starting seeded 
plants and to reduce the seed yield of resident competition. 
Then remove stock while there is sufficient moisture in the 
soil to promote the continued growth of seeded plants. 
NOTE: The above grazing practices do not apply to seeding 
in brush burns. When grazed too early, plants sown in ash are 
likely to be pulled out and the young roots thus destroyed. 
On burns, first-year grazing should be delayed until the sown 
plants have set seed. 
ROTATION GRAZING: After the first year, a system of 
rotation grazing should be adopted, such as described in Ex- 
tension Circular No. 129 (see references on back page). 
Seeding cannot be effective or permanent in improving range 
forage unless grazing practices are so applied that the plants 
have an opportunity to nourish themselves by reaching an 
advanced stage of maturity at least once in each cycle of 3 
to 5 years. Every range seeding project should be accom- 
panied by a program of adjusted grazing. 
SPECIES AND ADAPTATIONS: In the course of its 
range improvement program the College of Agriculture has 
tested several hundred species of plants from all parts of the 
world. Many have been discarded as not adapted to condi- 
tions prevailing in California. All of those that remain on 
their active list are charted on the inside of this booklet. 
Some species, such as the grama grasses, are very drought 
tolerant, but require summer rains and are therefore not 
adaptable to California conditions. Some others, such as the 
love grasses, require spring planting in warm soil. 
Some of the plants that are recommended have rather nar- 
row limits of adaptation, others succeed over a wide soil and 
climatic range. The primary points in adaptations are given 
on the chart of species. Further information can be had from 
the references cited. 
Standard mixtures might be made up of those species that 
are recommended in at least five of the six climatic zones. 
Alfalfa, Mountain Brome and Sweet Clover are found in all 
six. Annual Ryegrass, Subclover, Harding Grass and Burnet 
occur in all but Zone 6, and Tall Fescue in all but Zone 5. 
Harlan Brome, the Stipas, Smilo and Rose Clover could be 
added over most of the zones. All zones have special prob- 
lems and no fixed formula would fit all of them. 
ZONE MAP: The Zone Map presented in this folder is an 
effort to coordinate elevation, rainfall and plant zones. Zone 
7 is not considered since rainfall there is too low for any 
seeding operations. In Zone 5A, also, rainfall is too low for 
any dry land plantings except possibly with Stipas, Bur, Rose 
Clover and Subclovers, Filaree, and Annual Ryegrass. 
REFERENCES 
For additional details regarding range seeding and manage- 
ment, write or contact Pasture Department, C. M. Volkman & 
Company, 55 Union Street, San Francisco 11, California. Local 
County Farm Advisors may also be excellent sources of informa- 
tion, since they are constantly in touch with local conditions. 
Further information can be secured from the College of Agri- 
culture, Extension Circular No. 129, entitled “Range Improve-- 
ment in California,’ and from the same source, Circular No. 371. 
entitled “Improving California Brush Ranges.” 
