GRASSES AND HERBS 
COMMON NAME 
BOTANICAL NAME 
ADAPTATION 
SEEDING RATE—POUNDS PER ACRE 
—_——— 
+ All items are perennial unless 
otherwise noted. 
GENERAL INFORMATION 
ALONE IN MIXTURES 
; 3 F 2 i i i turing 
luegr Poa pratensis Well drained loams, temperate regions of high 10 to 15 1 to 4 Erect, creeping and sod-forming, early ma ; 
Pea rae heshiditye or high Pe cauitss N et adapted as lacks leafiness and not a high producer. Very aggres- 
regions of high temperatures. __sive where it thrives.” 70) 
c i . ils. 8 to 12 2to4 Erect, tall, leafy. Produces abundant, palatable 
see ae Bromus catharticus All valley areas. Best growth on loamy soils 0 ane Desire: growth, Excellent for dairy pasture. 
Bromegrass Bromus inermis Deep clay or clay loam soils at high elevations. 8 to 12 2to4 Erect, creeping rootstalks, tall, leafy, long growing 
Smooth Not well adapted to warmer valleys. season. 
: ap Acoaatailatalaa, 1 flat All soils, hot to cool climate. Does not survive 4 to 10 2to 4 Tall angled bunchgrass, winter dormant. Strong 
Dallisgrass aspalum dilatatum ‘ ia a ee Will withstand submergence. growth in hot weather. Quick recovery after graz- 
ing. Growing in popularity for beef cattle. 
Festuca arundi All tu ils and climatic ditions. Good 6 to 10 2to 5 Tall, erect, deep-rooted bunchgrass. Excellent pal- 
aN eg eg a a arth ce alkeli foerentel ' paras a atability and long growing season. Careful manage- 
Ky 31 ment needed to prevent bunching. Not recommended 
for sheep pasture. 
i ‘ j j 2tod Strong seedling vigor and more heat tolerant than 
Goar tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea Warm climate areas. High alkali tolerance. 6 to 10 0 other Fescues. Combines well with Narrowleaf 
: Birdsfoot Trefoil in revegetating alkaline soils. 
: ; ; : ; fy with short rhizomes, winter growing in 
Hardinggrass Phalaris tuberosa Best on loams with heavier subsoil. Medium 2to 6 1to4 Tall, lea : ae : 
Var. stenoptera temperatures and elevations. Does not with- its best range. Difficult to start in a mixture. a 
stand continued severe cold. Z use where irrigation is infrequent. 
j Al tensi i i i to high el ions. 4to10 2to 4 Tall, leafy bunchgrass. More palatable than reed 
Meadow Foxtail ta ged at hae aaa LS i beaches 1g a elev euons i canary grass. Popular in Oregon. Early spring 
growth. Endures shade. 
Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata All soils, but adobe, moderate alkali tolerance, 6 to 12 2to4 Tall, erect bunchgrass, leafy. Long growing season. 
Common wide climatic range. Tufty unless controlled by grazing and mowing. 
Will grow in part shade. 
Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata Wide adaptation both soil and climate. 6 to 12 2to4 Leafier, more uniform, and produces more forage 
Akaroa than common orchardgrass. 
Reed Canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea | Swampy and bottom lands at high elevations 4 to 10 Used Very tall erect, slightly creeping, leafy and coarse. 
alon Starts growth early. Too tall for association with 
or near coast. one g 
other species. Withstands prolonged submergence. 
Rhodesgrass Chloris gayana Wide soil adaptation. Very alkali tolerant. 5to 8 1to4 Erect, leafy with long runners that root at the nodes. 
Will not survive winter temperatures below Strong summer grower. First grass to use in re- 
1S 1 claiming alkali land. 
Ryegrass Lolium multiflorum Wide soil and climatic range. Winter growing 5 to 10 1to4 Medium tall, annual, perennial under irrigation, 
Common (Annual) in the central and southern part of the state. stems leafy. Strongest growth in fall and spring. 
Starts rapidly, should be used sparingly in mixture. 
Ryegrass Lolium perenne Wide soil and climatic range. 5 to 10 1to4 Less tall than common ryegrass, leafage mostly 
Perennial basal. Continues to yield later than common. Some- 
times rusts near the coast. 
*Sudangrass Sorghum vulgare Medium to good soils wherever summer frosts 12 to 25 Used Very tall erect, summer growing annual. Sudan will 
Sudan 23 Var. sudanense are not prevalent. Drought hardy when estab- alone produce large amounts of green pasturage under 
lished. occasional irrigation. A California station selection 
of common Sudan. 
*Sweet Sudan Sorghum sp. Medium to good soils where frost free. About 12 to 25 Used A Texas cross of Sudan and Sweet sorghum. Stems 
as drought hardy as Common Sudan. alone are sweet and relished by livestock. Annual. 
Tall Oatgrass Arrhenatherum elatius| Acid, neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Central 10 to 15 3 to 8 Tall erect bunchgrass with leafy stems. Most useful 
Tall Meadow Oatgrass and north coast and high elevations. in its range in a hay and pasture rotation. 
Tall Oatgrass Arrhenatherum elatius Central and north coast and high elevations. 10 to 15 3 to 8 A selection of tall Oatgrass. Less tall with more basal 
Tualatin Experience may develop a wider range. leaves. Probably better adapted to irrigated pasture. 
Wheatgrass Agropyron Wide soil range at high elevations (2500 feet 10 to 12 2to 4 Medium tall, deep-rooted bunchgrass, leafy stems, 
Standard Crested desertorum or over) and severe winters. Moderate alkali somewhat harsh but palatable. Recommended in its 
Seah eee ook tolerance. range only where irrigation is infrequent. 
: aa 
Wheatgrass _Agropyron Same regional adaptation as Crested Wheat- 10 to 12 2to4 Perennial sod forming type of wheatgrass. Produces 
Intermediate intermedium grass. Stands more moisture than Crested abundant leafy foliage. Has strong seedling vigor 
with similar alkali tolerance. and establishes itself quickly. Occasionally used in 
irrigated pastures in high elevations. 
Wheatgrass Agropyron Wide soil range at high elevations. Excellent 8 to 12 tO Aan Occasionally used for hay production in mountain 
Tall elongatum alkali tolerance. | meadows. Good forage value. 
LEGUMES 
Alfalfa _) Medicago sativa Deep, well drained permeable soils and all ele- 10 to 20 1to5 Erect, tap-rooted. Grows throughout the summer 
Common | vations and latitudes. Caliverde resistant to and fall. Used in pastures chiefly on soils too light 
Caliverde | bacterial wilt and leaf spot. No. 49 resistant to for ladino and where summers are so hot that ladino 
No. 49 | alfalfa dwarf. growth sags, or where irrigation is infrequent. 
Alsike clover Trifolium hybridum siren eee ae Ge pee nreoe, neon 5 to 20 1to5 Semi-erect, leafy, sparsely hairy. A common ingredi- 
sea fe g sites too we ent of pastures in the north-eastern part of the state. 
We or ladino. At low elevations it is used where drainage is poor. 
See Sdahve Lotus tenuis Wire ak OE RSs OEY conditions. 3to 5 1 to3 Prostrate, except where held up by close association, 
Cae ate) Ny . long runners, leafy, deep-rooted. Highly palatable 
p except when in bloom. Less likely to bloat cattle and 
sheep than ladino, commonly sown with ladino to add 
| variety. Withstands submergence. 
Birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus Wide range of soil and climatic conditions 8to 5 1to3 Stron ; 
é i I ¢ : ger stemmed than narrowleaf, semi-erect. 
aerate Var. vulgaris Best growth in neutral or acid soils. Leaflets over half as wide as long. Recovers rapidly 
after grazing. Low bloat hazard. Highly palatable 
except when in bloom. 
Big trefoil Lotus uliginosus Seepage and marshy lands, coastal and semi- 1lto 4 to3 . . 
(L. major) ie coastal conditions, especially north coast. yore reuntipes inoetieee lad bammbecese 
*Bur clover Medicago hispida eee pee ea aa at ea where winter 4to 8 1 to 3 Semi-prostrate, leafy winter annual. Furnishes 
g " winter pasture where temperatures are mild. 
Ladino clover Trifolium repens Wide range of soils except sandy. Moderate 4 ia i 
Var. latum alkali tolerance. All climatic zones except very ie Aer pew ane Mabde tah tener et). pesos 
cold winters and extreme summer heat such as ealy, S28 1 wee avinadrnes frequent irrigation. 
Imperiall Valle E Recovers rapidly after grazing. The most popular 
y. pasture legume. Seeding alone is not recommended 
for cattle and sheep, due to bloat hazard. 
Red clover Trifolium pratense NY on Spee anes mourn meadows and Ato 8 1to8 Semi-erect, short-lived perennial. Leafy, strong 
g p sturdy growth. A fine clover for hay, with aftermath 
of pasture where not subject to mildew. 
Strawberry clover, Trifolium fragiferum Wide soil range but especially adapted to those ; : 
Common of alkali reaction. Endures cold winters and all he signs oe node LoatEpeRE Re but pean certs 
Palestine but extreme summer heat. rooted. Late fall growth. Creeping habit helps to fill 
open spaces, adds variety to the diet. 
Strawberry clover Trifolium fragiferum | Not as winter-hardy as common Strawberry 4 to 8 1to3 A recent California develo 
a : I pment. Produces abun- 
Salina naar he moderate alkali and poorly dant winter and early spring feed. Has tap root as 
: well as deep fibrous root system, therefore much 
more drought tolerant than Ladino Clover. Seed 
expected to be available in 1954. 
*Subclover Trifolium Wide range of soil texture. Prefers acid soil i i 
(subterranean clover) subterraneum tolerant of mild alkalinity. Same climatic aie hs its Pe into the soils Yseful calibrated cea ene 
penee a By ove where temperatures per- only to supplement or replace Bur clover as winter 
er g : and early spring pasture. Two strains popular: Mt. 
Barker midseason, and Late Tallarook. 
White clover Trifolium repens Wide range of soil and climate. Used in irri- 4t +4 75 : 
Vola ; evar 0 8 1to5 Growth habit like ladino, but much smaller. Less 
White Dutch Clover gated pastur es only where winters are severe, productive but more winter hardy than ladino. 
*Whi Melil i i j i i i : PVR Toe aS LS a 
White Sweet Clover elilotus alba ane sot ane eee useful chiefly in 4 to 10 1to5 Biennial, tall, branching, leafy, tap-rooted. Mod- 
erately palatable. Volunteers after second year if 
not too closely grazed. 
*Yellow Sweet Clover Melilotus officinali Wi i limati ; i Tera : 
Yellow Swee elilotus officinalis ne ide 50) ae 7 Bee eared ay IES chiefly 4 to 10 1to5 Biennial, branching, tap-rooted. More leafy, less tall 
: than white. Useful in reclaiming alkali land. 
*Yellow Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis Wide soil and climatic range. Included in pas- 4to 10 ienni i 
Madri : 3 F (o) 1to5 Biennial tap-rooted variety, more leafy and robust 
adrid ture mixta on sandy and alkaline soils. than Yellow Sweet Clover Dark green foliage. 
Strong seedling vigor and produces earlier feed. _ 
C. M. VOLKMAN & COMPANY—WHOLESALE SEED DEALERS 
