for — 192 danner lang Varme-Tunge mod Nord 
udenfor Beeren-Eiland- og Spidsberg-Banken, med koldere 
Vand inde ved Banken. Nær parallel med den løbe Iso- 
*" thermerne for — 198, — 19,4 og — 19,5. Den laveste 
Temperatur, — 19.6, fimdes indenfor den sidste i Grønlands- 
havet nordenfor Jan Mayen. Paa den sydvestlige Rand af 
Jan-Mayen-Banken er et lidet Temperaturmaximum paa 
—1° Paa den søndre Side af Jan Mayen-Renden gaa 
kolde Tunger mod Sydost. 
en 
Pl. XXIV viser Temperaturens Fordeling i 1500 
Favnes Dyb. Her have vi to adskilte Bassiner. I det 
sydlige er et Temperatur-Maximum paa — 19.1 omgivet af 
koldere Vand ved Bankerne, indtil — 198. Paa Jan 
Mayens Bredde ligger et andet Maximum paa over — 102, 
og udenfor Vesteraalen et lignende af meget mindre Om- 
fang. I Indbugtningerne i Banken 1 Lofot-Dybet ligge 
Minima paa — 19,5 mod Nord, mod Øst og mod Syd. 
I det nordre Bassin optræder — 1°.5 mod Øst og 
— 1096 mod Vest. Det koldeste Parti er det sydvestre 
Hjørne, Bundens Form nordenfor dette kjendes ikke. 
5. Temperaturens Fordeling ved Havbunden. 
12Al, 
bunden. 
Nordhay 
under — 
XXV viser Temperaturens Fordeling ved Hay- 
Man ser, at den største Del af Havbunden i vort 
er dækket af iskoldt Vand, hvis Temperatur er 
1°. Forfølger man Linien for 0°, ser man, at den 
overalt, undtagen i Østhavet, ligger nær den for — 1° I 
Atlanterhavet er der Varmegrader ved Bunden, i vort Nord- 
hav findes disse kun paa Kystbankerne og i den vestlige Del 
af Østhavet. Men de strække sig mod Nord lige op til 
den 80. Breddegrad paa Havets østre Side, ved Spidsber- 
gen. Wand med Varmegrader dækker Islands Kystbanker 
rundt om hele Øen, Island-Færø-Ryggen, Færø-Bankerne, 
Wyville-Thomson-Ryggen, hele Nordsøens Flak, de norske 
Kystbanker, den vestlige og sydlige Del af Østhavet, Vest- 
spidsbergens Banker og en liden Del af Jan Mayen-Ban- 
ken. Grændselinien 0° følger saaledes i det Store Banker- 
nes Omrids. Disse holde, saa at sige, det iskolde Vand 
langt borte fra Islands Kyster, fra Færøernes Kyster, fra 
de skotske Øer, og fra Norges Kyster og Fjorde og, om 
end i ringere Grad, fra Beeren-Hilands og Spidsbergens 
Vestkyst. Hvor Bankens Eg nærmer sig Land, nærmer 
ogsaa det iskolde Vand sig samme, som nordenfor Færøerne, 
ved Storeggen, ved Vesteraalen, hvor Afstanden fra Land 
ved Andenes kun er 20 Kvartmil, og ved Spidsbergen. 
Men overalt ligger, som Verticalsnittene vise, Nul Grad 
paa Bankens ydre Skraaning, intetsteds stige Kuldegra- 
derne over Eggen ind paa Banken. Det er saaledes vir- 
kelig Banken, der ved sin Form og Udstrækning holder 
76 
Both maxima are encompassed by the isotherm for — 1.1. 
The isotherm for — 19.2 constitutes a long tongue of heat, 
extending north off the Beeren-Eiland and the Spitz- 
bergen Bank, with colder water in its immediate prox- 
imity. Wellnigh parallel to it run the isotherms for 
— 10,8, — 1°4, and — 195. The lowest temperature, 
— 196, occurs westward of the last in the Greenland 
Sea, north of Jan Mayen. On the southwestern margin 
of the Jan-Mayen Bank, there is alimited temperature- 
On the south side of the Jan-Mayen 
extend towards the 
maximum of — 1° 
Channel, cold isothermal tongues 
south-east. 
Pl. XXIV shows the distribution of temperature at 
a depth of 1500 fathoms. Here we have two separate 
basins. In‘ the southern, there is a temperature-maximum 
of — 1°.1, surrounded at the banks by colder water reach- 
ing — 198. On the latitude of Jan Mayen occurs another 
maximum of more than — 1°.2; and off Vesteraalen we 
have a third, of very limited extent. In the indentations of the 
bank in the Lofoten Deep, there are minima reaching — 1°.3 
towards the north, towards the east, and towards the south. 
In the northern basin, occurs a temperature of — 1°.5 
towards the east, and of — 196 towards the west. The 
coldest part is the south-western corner. The contour of 
the sea-bed towards the north has not yet been determined. 
5. Distribution of Temperature at the Sea-Bottom. 
Pl. XXV shows the distribution of temperature at 
the bottom. The greater part of the bed throughout the 
North Ocean is covered with ice-cold water, having a 
temperature below — 1°. If we follow the isothermal line 
for 0°, we shall everywhere find it, save in the Barents 
Sea, near that for — 1° In the Atlantic, degrees above 
0° oceur at the bottom; in the North: Ocean, on the 
coastal banks only; and in the Barents Sea, throughout 
the western part. But towards the north, they extend up 
to the 80th parallel of latitude, on the east side of the 
sea, off Spitzbergen. Water with a temperature above 0° 
covers the Iceland coastal banks, all round the island, 
likewise the Iceland-Færoe Ridge, the Færoe Banks, the 
Wyville-Thomson Ridge, the whole of the North-Sea Flat, 
the Norway. coastal banks, the western and southern tracts 
of the Barents Sea, the West Spitzbergen Banks, and a 
small portion of the Jan-Mayen Bank. The boundary line 
for 0° follows, therefore, speaking generally, the contour of 
the banks. hese keep, it may be said, the ice-cold water 
far away from the coasts of Iceland, from those of the 
Feeroes, from the Scottish isles, from the coasts and fjords of 
Norway, and also, though in a less degree; from the west- 
ern shores of Beeren Hiland and Spitzbergen. Where the 
edge of the banks approaches land, the ice-cold water does 
so too, as, for exemple, north of the Færoes, off the Storeg, 
off Vesteraalen (here the distance from land — off Andenes 
— is only 20 nautical miles), and off Spitzbergen. But 0° 
