89 
drey store Ismasser udenfor Finmarkens Kyst. Men paa tober 1880 to June 1881 was 2°.5 to 4°.0 below the normal 
den anden Side synes Temperaturen i 100 Favnes Dyb ved temperature, and when vast masses of ice kept drifting 
Lødingen i 1879 og 1880 og i Altenfjorden 1882—83 at during the spring off the coast of Finmark. But, on the 
være saa temmelig upaavirket af de vexlende Varmetilstande other hand, the temperature, in depths of 100 fathoms, at 
i Atmosfæren og i Havets Overflade. Det foreliggende Ma- Lødingen during 1879 and 1880 and in the Altenfjord 
teriale strækker ikke til for at udrede den nærmeste Aar- during 1882 and 1883, would appear to have been well- 
sag til de gjennem lagttagelserne paaviste Variationer af | nigh uninfluenced by the varying thermal conditions in the 
Temperaturen paa Bankerne og 1 Fjorddybene. Det posi- atmosphere and at the surface of the sea. The material 
tive Resultat er, at der existerer Variationer, der synes at before me will not suffice to explain the proximate cause of 
vere af uperiodisk Natur. the variation in temperature on the banks andin the depths 
| of the fjords shown by the observations to have occurred 
| there. Meanwhile, the positive result proves the existence 
of variations apparently unperiodical in character. 
I Fjorddybene og 1 Dybbassiner paa Bankerne finde In the depths of the fjords and in the deep 
vi 1 de større Dyb en i vertical Retning constant Tempe- basins on the banks, we meet in greater depths, a ver- 
ratur. Det er det samme KFænomen, som er fundet i inde- tically constant temperature. This is the same phenom- 
lukkede Have, som Middelhavet, Banda Søen, Sulu Søen, | enon observed in inland seas, e. g. the Mediterranean, the 
m.fl. Dersom den constante Dybtemperatur væsentlig hid- | Banda Sea, the Sulu Sea. Were the constant deep- 
rørte fra Atmosferens Varme, skulde den nærmest [svare temperature mainly the result of atmospheric heat, it 
til den midlere aarlige Lufttemperatur. Thi saavel Vinter should most nearly correspond with the mean annual tem- 
som Sommer forblive de af Luften directe paavirkede Vand- perature of the air. For, both in winter and summer, the 
lag øverst, paa Grund af deres i Modsætning til Dybet layers of water exposed to the direct action of the atmo- 
ringere Saltholdighed, et Forhold, der om Vinteren ikke sphere remain uppermost, by reason of their inconsiderable 
rokkes ved, at Overfladens Temperatur er lavest, og som om | amount of salt as compared to that of the deep, a distri- 
Sommeren understøttes af Overfladens højere Temperatur. bution not affected in winter by the surface-temperature 
Varmens eller Kuldens Forplantning foregaar nedad kun being lowest, and supported in summer by the higher tem- 
ved Ledning. Noget anderledes turde Forholdet stille sig | perature of the surface. The heat or cold is propagated 
om Vinteren i længere Afstand fra Land, hvor Overflade- downward by conduction only. Wholly different, however, 
vandet er saltere, idet dette ved Afkjoling kan faa en Ten- may this relation prove during winter at a distance 
dents til at synke ned i de underliggende varmere og derfor from land, where the surface-water is salter, since the 
lettere Lag og saaledes forplante Vinterkulden ved Strom- | latter, when cooled, may acquire a tendency to sink down 
ninger nedad i Dybet. I saa Fald vil Vinterens Lufttempe- | into the warmer, and hence lighter, subjacent strata, thus 
ratur faa en overvejende Indflydelse paa Dybets Tempera- propagating downward by convection the winter-cold through- 
tur, som f. Ex. Tilfældet er i Middelhavet. Skageraksdybet out the deep. In such case, the atmospheric temperature of 
turde være under lignende Indflydelse af Vinterens Luft- winter would exert a paramount effect on the temperature 
temperatur. of the deep — as, for example, in the Mediterranean. The 
Skagerak Deep may, perhaps, in like manner be subject to 
the atmospheric temperature of winter. 
Sammenstille vi Dyb-Temperaturen i vore Fjorde og If we compare the deep-temperatures in our fjords | 
andre Dybbassiner paa Bankerne med Luftens normale and other deep basins on the banks with the normal tem- 
Temperatur for Aaret og for Vintermaanederne (December, perature of the air for the whole year, and för the winter- 
Januar, Februar), faa vi den 1- den følgende Tabel givne months (December, January and February), we shall obtain 
Oversigt. I denne er medtaget Dybtemperaturer, maalte the general result given in the following Table. In this 
med Miller-Casella-Thermometre, der have vist en stadig synopsis are comprised the deep-temperatures registered 
Aftagen af Temperaturen med Dybden. with the Miller-Casella thermometer that have shown a 
steady diminution of temperature with depth.* 
1 Petermanns Geographische Mittheilungen 1876. S. 432—433. | 1 Petermanns Geographische Mittheilungen 1876; pp. 432, 433. 
Den norske Nordhavsexpedition. H. Mohn: Nordhavets Dybder, Temperatur og Strømninger. 12 
