61 
No. D pam | h Th. Gi Cs ts Cp ty t No | D | g Åm h Th. | t/ | 8 ts Cp Up VG 
1878 OG 2 ) | | | 1878 0 / 0 | | 0 0 | 0 0 
374. | Aug. 22 | 78 16 | 60 OD | NG 2 GJER 311 1700 a Be) se 0 2.13 | 50.27 | 2.40| 2.4 
7-40 p.m. | 15 33 E O 47. 0 © 0 4.7 | 4.7 f | 373 204 | 89 | 07 -0:21| 0:49 -0.42 
I IO 60 91 | 0.9 | -0.16| 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.7 | | | ; | B | 226.9 | | -0.82 | --0.31 | -0.51 | 
5 | > | » | 1 eg | toni | o29)) «om 093 
375.| Aue. 23) 75 30 204. | 
HAO) jer VER & 194 fo) 4.8 4.8 | 4.8 
18 IO Gi || Bo -0.12 | 5.28 | B281 2 
37 20 T | 4.5 |=50:07| 4:57 | | 4.571 4.6 No. 375. Therm. No. 89 har ikke kunnet registrere Bundtemperaturen 
gr | 50 | VIL) 4.05|-Fo.10] 4.15 | -0:01| 4.14] 4.1 med vastrukken Kasse. Se Side 16. 
183 1@@® | JUL | 22 10:13 | 383 || SCL! BR! 3S Therm. No. 89 has not been able to register the Bottom-Tem- 
238 130 | IT | 2.6 |=-0.24!) 2.84] -o.01| 2.83] 2.8 | perature in a water-soaked case. See p. 16. 
a 
Resultaterne af Temperaturrækkerne ere fremstillede 
erafisk i Plade III til VIII. Til mine Studier over Tem- 
peraturens Fordeling i Dybet afsatte jeg Tallene i Tempe- 
raturrækkerne paa Millimeterpapir, saaledes at Dybderne 
regnedes nedover, 100 eng. Fayne paa en Centimeter (10 
Favne = 1 mm.) og stigende Temperatur horizontalt fra 
venstre til højre, 1 Grad Celsius per en Centimeter. Mel- 
lem de saaledes afsatte Punkter droges en Curve, der frem- 
stiller Temperaturens Variation med Dybden. Disse Cur- 
ver ere gjengivne i Pl. IIT til VILT i den halve Maalestok, 
1 cm. = 200 Favne, 19 C. = 5 mm. Dybdetallene ere 
The results of the serial temperatures are represented 
diagrammatically, in Plates III to VIII. For prosecuting 
my researches on the distribution of temperature in the 
deep, I set down the figures of the serial temperatures on 
ruled paper (millimetre-paper), in such manner that the 
depths were counted vertically, 100 English fathoms to a cen- 
timetre (10 fathoms = I mm.), and rising temperatures hori- 
zontally, from left to right, I degree centigrade to a cen- 
timetre. Between the points thus set off was drawn 
a curve, representing the variation of temperature with 
depth. These curves are given in Pls. ITT to VIII, half 
Hundreder af Favne. Ovyenoyver hver Curve staar Tempe- the original size; 1 cm. = 200 fathoms, 19 C. = 5 mm. 
raturrekkens (Lodskuddets) Lobenummer og dens Bredde The figures of depth stand for hundreds of fathoms. Above 
og Længde. Paa Pl. VIII har jeg tilføjet lignende Tem- 
peraturcurver fra de Britiske Expeditioner i Færø-Shetland- 
Renden med “Porcupine” (P.) “Knight Errant” (Kk. E.) 
og “Triton” (T.), fra de danske Expeditioner 1 Danmark- 
Strædet med *Fylla” (D.) og fra Weyprechts Expedition 
(W.) med *Isbjørn” i Østhavet, hvilke ere benyttede sam- 
men med vore egne til Constructionen af Temperatur-Snit- 
tene, der senere ville blive beskrevne. Et Krydsi Horizon- 
tallinien 0 Fv. betegner Havoverfladens aarlige Middeltem- 
peratur, udtaget efter Kartet Pl. XVI. Temperaturreek- 
kerne, der alle ere tagne om Sommeren, vise som Regel 
paa denne Aarstid en rask Aftagen af Temperaturen med 
Dybet i de øverste Lag. Ffter denne følger gjerne en 
langsommere Aftagen, der i større Dyb afloses af en 
raskere, men paa meget store Dyb er Temperaturen kun 
ganske langsomt aftagende med Dybden, ligesom den selv 
er lav, under Nul Grader. Temperaturens Forhold 1 
Dybet paa det enkelte Sted vil bedst forstaaes efter de 
nedenfor givne Fremstillinger af dens Fordeling i vertical 
og horizontal Retning. 
3. Temperaturens verticale Fordeling. 
Paa Plade IX til XV er Temperaturens Fordeling 
i vertical Retning vist 1382 Tversnit. Den horizontale Maale- 
stok i disse er den samme som paa Dybdekartet, Pl. I 
every curve is placed the number of the serial temperature 
(that of the sounding) along with the latitude and longitude. 
On PlatefVIIL, I have annexed similar curves of tempera- 
ture: from the British Expeditions mm the Færoe-Shetland 
Channel,! viz., with the * Porcupine” (P), the “Knight Errant” 
(K. E.), and the “Triton” (T.); from the Danish Expe- 
ditions in Denmark Strait, with the *Fylla” (D); and from 
Weyprecht’s Expedition (W) in the Barents Sea, with the 
*Isbjørn,” all of which have been used, together with 
our own, for constructing the sections of temperature, to 
be described farther on. A cross on the horizontal line 
0 fathoms, indicates the mean annual temperature of the 
surface of the sea, as shown by the chart, Pl. XVI. The 
serial temperatures, all of which were taken in summer, 
show, as a rule at that time of year, a rapid diminution 
of temperature with depth in the uppermost strata. To 
this mostly succeeds a slower decrease, a more rapid fol- 
lowing in greater depths, though the temperature in very 
great depths is found to diminish but slowly with the depth; 
besides it is low, under zero. The relation of temperature 
to depth in any given place will be best understood from 
the description, given below, of its distribution in a verti- 
cal and horizontal direction. 
3. Vertical Distribution of Temperature. 
Plates IX to XV show the vertical distribution of 
the temperature in 32 transverse sections. The horizontal 
standard in these sections is the same as that in the Map 
