Temperaturrækker. Disse udførtes i Regelen saaledes: 
Rørloddet hexedes i Lodlinen, og lige ovenfor Loddet fast- 
gjordes et Dybvyandsthermometer, ganske som ved Lodning. 
Indhivningsmaskinen udfiredes 100 Favne, og et Thermo- 
meter No. 2 gjordes fast i Lodlinen fra Loddebroen. 
Atter udfiredes det andet 100 Favne og Thermometer No. 3 
paasattes Linen. Paa denne Maade anbragtes 5 å 6 Thermo- 
metre paa Linen med 100 Faynes Afstand og sænkedes 
ved Udfiring fra Indhivningsmaskinen til de Dybder, i 
hvilke man vilde maale Temperaturen. Naar alle Ther- 
mometre havde faaet Tid til at accomodere sig, haledes 
Linen ind med Maskinen. Der stoppedes saa lang Tid, 
som var nødvendig for at løse Thermometrene fra Linen, 
efterhvert som de kom op. Der lagdes megen Vind paa 
jevne Bevægelser under disse Operationer, for ikke at ud- 
sætte Indexthermometrene for pludselige Ryk eller Stød. I 
høj Søgang maatte der benyttes megen Forsigtighed ved 
Thermometrenes Aftagning af Linen. Fartojet laa i Re- 
gelen, som ved. Lodning, med Stevnen mod Seen; men 
man kunde ikke altid holde Lodlinen saaledes, at den 
kunde naaes med Haanden fra Loddebroen. Linen maatte 
da bringes ind til Broen ved Hjelp af en Baadshage. der 
maatte gribe Linen vnder Thermometret for ikke at komme 
til at berøre dette. 
Temperaturrekkerne udførtes kun meget faa Gange 
ved at lade Linen lobe ud fra Rullen, da dens Standsning let 
medførte Ryk, som ialfald Indexthermometrene ikke maa 
udsættes for. 
Temperaturrækker paa Dybder mindre end 50 Favne 
udførtes ofte med Haandlod og Haandline, der havde Mer- 
ker for hver 5 eller 10 Favne. 
Temperaturrækkerne toges 1 Almindelighed strax efter 
et Lodskud. Flere Gange blev der dog efter Lodskuddet 
arbejdet med Skrabe eller Trawl, naar saadant faldt belej- 
ligere, og Temperaturrækken toges da, efterat disse Ar- 
bejder vare færdige. Paa denne Maade er det gaaet til, 
at Temperaturrækkens paaværende Plads (og Overfladetem- 
peraturen) undertiden er lidt forskjellig fra Lodskuddets. 
I de dybere Lag, under 600 Fayne, toges sjelden 
Temperaturrekker, da Vandets Temperatur her kun varie- 
rede fra o® til — 1%7. (Side 34 og 35). 
I 1876 var Lodlinen inddelt i norske Favne. Deraf 
kommer det, at Temperaturrækkerne for dette Aar, da 
Temperaturen maaltes i hele Tiere og Hundreder af nor- 
ske Favne, udvise tilsvarende større Tal for Dybderne. 
Den norske Fayn er nemlig 3 Procent større end den en- 
gelske, hvilket Maal overalt er benyttet i denne Afhandling. 
I den følgende Tabel finder man i den 
Iste Rubrik (No) Lodskuddets . Lobenummer: de samme 
som 1 Capt. Willes Afhandling Side 30—33. 
2den Rubrik (D). Lodskuddets Datum og Klokkeslet. 
ddie Rubrik (| Å m) først Lodskuddets nordlige Bredde, 
derunder dets Længde fra Greenwich (E eller 
W), og derunder Dybderne i Meter, svarende 
til Favne-Tallene i 4de Rubrik. 
45 
Serial Temperatures. — The mode of operation was 
generally as follows: After shackling the tube-lead to the 
sounding-line, we attached, just above the weight, a deep- 
sea thermometer, precisely as for ordinary soundings. Then, 
100 fathoms of line were veered out with the donkey-engine, 
and Thermometer No. 2 fast from the 
bridge to the line, after which we veered the next 100 
fathoms, and attached Thermometer No. 3 to the line. 
In this manner as 
made fast to the sounding-line at intervals of 100 fathoms 
and sent down to register the temperature in the desired 
So soon as all the thermometers had had time to take 
made sounding- 
many as 5 or 6 thermometers were 
depths. 
the temperature of the surrounding water, we hauled in 
with the donkey-engine, stopping as each of the thermome- 
ters came up to detach it from the line. Very great im- 
portance was attached to uniformity of motion pending 
these operations, so as not to expose the index-thermome- 
ters ‘to any sudden jerk or shock. In a heavy sea, we 
had to be specially careful in taking the thermometers off 
the line. The ship generally lay head to sea, as she did 
during the descent of the lead; nevertheless, we sometimes 
found it impossible to keep the lime within reach from the 
sounding-bridge, in which case it was got in with a boat- 
hook, care being taken to hook the line below the ther- 
mometer, and thus avoid coming in contact with the latter, 
Only a few serial temperatures were taken by letting 
the line run out of itself, the necessary stoppages in that 
case easily oceasioning jerks, to which the index-thermome- 
ters, at least, must not be exposed. 
At depths of less than 50 fathoms, serial tempera- 
tures were frequently taken with the hand-lead, the line 
being graduated into fives or tens of fathoms. 
As a rule, we took our serial temperatures immediately 
after sounding. On several occasions, however, the dredge 
or trawl was worked in preference, the serial temperatures 
being in that case deferred till we had terminated those 
operations. This accounts for the position in which cer- 
tain of the serial temperatures (and the surface-temperature) 
were taken differing slightly from that of the soundings. 
At depths exceeding 600 fathoms we seldom took 
serial temperatures, the temperature in the deeper strata 
varying only from 0? to — 1°.7 (p. 34 and 35). 
In 1876, the sounding-line was divided into Norwegian 
fathoms. This accounts for the serial temperatures taken 
that year, since the temperature was measured at whole 
tens and hundreds of Norwegian fathoms, showing relatively 
higher figures for the depths. The Norwegian fathom is 
namely 3 per cent longer than the English — the measure 
to be everywhere understood throughout this Memoir. 
In the following Table will be found: — 
Column 1 (No). Number of Sounding; the same as in 
Capt. Wille’s Memoir, p. 380—33. 
Column 2 (D). Date of Sounding and Hour. 
Column 3 (y 2m). First: North Latitude of Sounding; 
underneath its Longitude from Greenwich (E or 
W); and then the Depths in Metres, correspond- 
ing to the Fathom-Numbers in Column 4. 
G* 
