Temperatur i Overfladen, men paa, nogle Steder, som paa 
Island Færø-Ryggen og vestenfor Beeren Hiland og Spids- 
bergen, ligger Temperaturens Maximum under Overfladen. 
For at studere Temperaturens Fordeling i disse Lag 
i de extreme Maaneder har jeg construeret "Tversnittene 
Pl. XXX og XX VI. Disse ere de samme som de paa 
Pl. IX til XIII med Undtagelse af de mindre Snit over 
de norske Kystbanker. De ere betegnede med de tilsva- 
rende Nummere. De gaa fra Overfladen til 200 Favnes 
Dyb. Stykket mellem 100 Favne og 200 Favne er copie- 
ret efter Pl. IX til XIII. Det øverste af hvert Par Snit 
Pl. XXX og XX VI viser Temperaturfordelingen i August, 
det nederste 1 Marts.  Overfladetemperaturerne ere afsatte 
efter Karterne Pl. XXVII og Pl. XX VIII. Desuden er for 
August benyttet til Vejledning for Trækningen af Isother- 
merne Temperaturrækkerne Pl. IIT til VIII, der ere tagne 
om Sommeren. For Marts Maaneds Vedkommende er der 
taget Hensyn til, at Temperaturen ifølge vore Selfangeres 
Tagttagelser voxer raskere med Dybden i de øvre end i de 
dybere Lag. 
Af disse Tversnit fremgaar, at Temperaturen i August 
overalt er højest i Overfladen og i Havet synker stadigt 
med Dybden. Under Kysterne findes flere Steder de 
ovenfor beskrevne Temperaturminima i Dybder mellem 
Overfladen og 100 Favne (Tversnittene XV, XXIII), og 
ved Spidsbergens Sydkap ligger Maximum under Over- 
fladen. Her driver jevnlig om Sommeren Is sydover fra 
Storfjorden. I det norske Hav, navnlig i dets sydlige og 
p tn) a c to) 
østlige Del, ligge Sommerens Isothermer meget tæt i de 
øverste Lag. 
I Marts derimod se vi, at Regelen er den, at Over- 
fladen er koldere end Vandet i 100 Favnes Dyb. Tempe- 
raturen voxer i de mellemliggende Lag med Dybden. De 
eneste Undtagelser herfra findes under den 63. Breddegrad 
(Tversnit VIIT) udenfor Norges Kyst, hvor Temperaturen 
er 7° gjennem hele Laget, og i Østhavet mellem Vardø og 
Novaja Semlja (Tversnit XX VII), hvor Havet er forholds- 
vis grundt, og det iskolde Vand ligger forholdsvis nær 
Overfladen. 
Med faa Ord kan Forholdene 
Om Sommeren ligne Isothermobatherne en Bue, der ven- 
der sin hule Side opad. Om Vinteren lukker denne Bue 
sig fra Siderne — Kysterne, Grønlandsisen — af sammen 
oventil og danner en langstrakt Oval, der omslutter den 
højeste Varmegrad i omkring 100 Favnes Dyb. Det er 
Vinter-Kulden fra Atmosfæren, der lægger sig ud over 
Havet, 1 sterkest Grad ved Kysterne og i de koldere ark- 
tiske Egne, i svagest Grad over Havets og Luftens Varme- 
| H. Mohn: 
beskrives saaledes. 
Den norske Nordhavsexpedition. 
Pls. IX to XV. 
at the surface; but in some loealities, as, for example, on 
the Teeland-Færoe Ridge and west of Beeren Eiland and 
Spitzbergen, the maximum of temperature is found beneatli 
As a rule, the highest temperature occurs 
the surface. 
With a view to study the distribution of temperature 
throughout these strata in the two extreme months of the 
year, I constructed the tranverse sections Pls. XXX and 
XXVI. These are the same as those in Pls. IX to XIII, 
except the minor sections crossing the Norway coastal 
banks. They are indicated by the corresponding numbers, 
and extend from the surface to a depth of 200 fathoms. 
The part between 100 and 200 fathoms is copied from Pls. 
IX to XIII. The upper of each pair of sections, Pls. 
XXX and XXVI, exhibits the distribution of temperature 
in August, the lower that im March. The surface-temper- 
atures are marked off from the maps, Pls. XXVII and 
XXVIII.. Moreover, for August, to assist in drawing the 
isotherms, I have made use of the serial temperatures, 
Pls. IIT to VIII, taken during the summer months. 
Concerning March, regard has been had to the observa- 
tion of our sealers, that temperature increases more rapidly 
with depth in the upper than in the lower strata. 
From these transverse sections, it appears that the 
temperature in August is everywhere highest at the surface, 
sinking, out at sea, steadily with the depth. In close 
proximity to the coasts, the above-deseribed temperature- 
minima occur at several places between the surface and 
a depth of 100 fathoms (Tranverse Sections XV, XXIII); 
and at South Cape, Spitzbergen, the maximum lies beneath 
Here, ice is found continually drifting during 
summer from the Storfjord southwards. In the Norwe- 
more particularly throughout its southern and 
the surface. 
gian Sea, 
eastern parts, the summer-isotherms lie exceedingly close 
throughout the uppermost strata. 
During the month of March, on the other hand, we 
see that, as a rule, the water at the surface is colder than at 
a depth of 100 fathoms. The temperature increases through- 
out the intermediate strata with the depth. The only excep- 
tions are found on the 63rd parallel of latitude (Tranverse 
Section VIII), off the coast of Norway, where the temper- 
ature is 7° throughout the whole stratum, and in the 
Barents Sea, between Vardo and Novaja Semlja (Trans- 
verse Section XXVII), where the water is comparatively 
shallow, and the ice-cold {stratum lies comparatively near 
the surface. 
To be brief, the general distribution of temperature 
may be described as follows. During summer, the isother- 
mobaths take the form of an arcuate curve, with the con- 
cave side upwards. During winter, this curve is found to bend 
over at the sides — the coasts, the Greenland ice — forming 
an elongated oval, which encloses the highest temperature 
at a depth of about 100 fathoms. It is the winter-cold 
from the atmosphere, that spreads out over the sea, acting 
most forcibly off the coasts and in the colder Arctic regions, 
Nordhavets Dybder, Temperatur og Strømninger. 14 
