tør, som en første Tilnærmelse, 1 det væsentlige stemme 
med de virkelige Forhold i Naturen. 
Fra vort Nordhav foreligge adskillige Iagttagelser af 
Vinden. Men dels hobe de sig op paa enkelte Stræknin- 
ger, der befares af Handelsskibe, dels samle de sig paa 
enkelte Maaneder, i hvilke Skibsfart foregaar, medens store 
Strækninger og mange Maaneder kun ere repræsenterede 
ved enkelte videnskabelige eller Fangst-Expeditioner, og 
visse Dele aldrig ere besøgte hverken af Søfarende eller af 
Videnskabsmænd. 
Af et saadant Materiale vilde man ikke komme til 
nogen tilfredsstillende Fremstilling af Aarets normale Vind- 
forhold. 
Heldigvis tilbyder sig en anden Fremgangsmaade, der 
ogsaa har den Fordel, at den med en ganske anden Nik- 
kerhed, end de directe Vind-Observationer, fører til Maalet. 
Af de sidste Decenniers meteorologiske Undersøgelser frem- 
gaar som det bedst begrundede Resultat den Forbindelse, 
som finder Sted mellem Lufttrykkets Fordeling og Vindens 
Retning og Hastighed. Og denne Lov, den bariske Vind- 
lov, gjælder, for de Jorden nærmest værende Luftlag, i sin 
største Strenghed netop Fænomenerne ved Havets Overtlade. 
Ere vi saaledes istand til at fremstille Lutfttrykkets 
ing over Havet for det normale Aar, kunne vi deraf 
Fordeling over Havet for det normale Aar, kunne vi deraf 
med stor Sikkerhed udlede de herskende Vindes normale 
Retning og Hastighed for det samme Tidsrum. 
Vi begynde derfor vore Studier over Havets Strøm- 
2 v D a . o 
ninger med Undersøgelsen af Lufttrykkets Fordeling i det 
- normale Aar. 
Til Bestemmelsen af denne har jeg anvendt følgende 
Observationer. 
Fra de norske meteorologiske Kyststationer Christi- 
ania, NSandøsund, Mandal, Skudesnes, Bergen, Aalesund, 
Christiansund og Vardø haves fuldstærdige Observationer 
for Kl. 8a.m., Kl. 2 p.m. og Kl. 8 p.m. fra Januar 1867 
af, udførte med Instrumenter, der stadig have været con- 
trollerede. Disse Observationer ere blevne reducerede til 
den sande Barometerstand, saaledes som den vilde være 
angivet af Normalbarometrene 1 St. Petersburg, Kew, Green- 
wich, Stockholm?. Middel af de tre daglige Observationer 
er antaget som Dagsmedium. il nærværende Undersøgelse 
er brugt den 16-aarige Række fra 1867 til 1882. 
Lignende Observationer ere benyttede fra Stationerne 
Oxo (1872 October til 1882 December), Florø (1869 Au- 
gust til 1882 December), Brønø (1869 August til 1882 De- 
cember), Bodø (1867 December til 1882 December), Tromso 
(1867 September til 1882 December), Alten (1871 April 
1 Om det norske meteorologiske Instituts Normalbarometer, se 
Jahrbuch des norwegischen meteorologischen Instituts fiir 1884; Vor- 
wort, S. I til VII. De i min Afhandling “Meteorologi” i denne 
Generalberetning 
+0.4 mm. 
giyne Barometerhøjder blive at corrigere med 
afford a good basis for continued research, and may, too, 
as a first approximation, be found to agree in all essential 
particulars with the true conditions in nature. 
From the North Ocean we have divers observations 
But either they crowd together throughout 
particular tracts navigated by merchant-vessels, or they 
refer wholly to particular months in which the navigation 
on wind. 
takes place, so that extensive tracts and many months 
of the year are but sparsely represented by the results of 
an occasional Scientific Expedition or a few sealing ships, 
nay, some parts of the sea have never been visited either 
by seafarers in general or by men of science. 
With such material, it would be quite out of the 
question satisfactorily to account for the normal conditions 
of the wind throughout the year. 
We have, however, another mode of attacking the 
subject, which, with a probability greatly superior to that 
afforded by direct wind-observations, leads to the end in view. 
The meteorological investigations of the last decennial periods 
give, as their best founded result, the connection existing 
between the distribution of atmospheric pressure and the 
And this law, the barie 
wind-law, applies — with respect to the strata of air nearest 
direction and velocity of the wind. 
the earth — in its full rigour precisely to the phenomena 
at the surtace of the sea. 
Now, provided we can determine the distribution of 
atmospheric pressure over the sea for the normal year, we 
shall be able to deduce from thence with very considerable 
certainty the normal direction and velocity of the prevail- 
ing winds for the same period. 
Accordingly, we commence our researches on ocean 
circulation by investigating the distribution of atmospheric 
pressure throughout the normal year. 
For determining this distribution, I have made use of 
the following observations. 
The Norwegian Meteorological Coast-Stations, viz., Chri- 
stiania, Sandøsund, Mandal, Skudesnes, Bergen, Aalesund, 
Christiansund, and Vardø, furnish a complete series of ob- 
servations for 8 a.m., 2 p. m., and 8 p.m., from the 
month of January 1867, taken with instruments constantly 
submitted to control. These observations have been reduced 
to the true height of the mercury as it would have been 
the 
Kew, Greenwich, Stockholm. * 
shown by standard-barometers of St. Petersburgh, 
The mean of the three daily 
For the 
the sixteen-years 
observations has been taken as the diurnal mean. 
present investigation, I have 
series from 1867 to 1882. 
Similar observations have been applied from the fol- 
lowing Stations: — Oxo (1872 October to 1882 Decem- 
ber), Florø (1869 August to 1882 December), Brønø (1869 
August to 1882 December), Bodø (1867 December to 1882 
December), Tromsø (1867 September to 1882 December), 
adopted 
1 Respecting the Standard-Barometer of the Norwegian Meteo- 
rological Institute, see Jahrbuch des norwegischen meteorologischen 
Instituts fiir 1884. Vorwort, p. I to VII. 
in my Memoir “Meteorology” published in this General Report must 
The barometrical readings 
be increased with 0.4 mim. 
