Under 709 til 71° Bredde have vi et Maximum af 
Tryk. Her se vi Dybets Isothermer bøje sig nedad, og 
fremkalde et Temperaturmaximum ved Bunden, paa samme 
Tid som Saltholdigheden ogsaa viser et Maximum. Vi 
have med andre Ord en nedstigende Bevægelse af varmere 
og saltere Vand. 
Under 73° til 74" Bredde have vi, paa Nordsiden 
af Tverryggen, i Svenskedybet, et Minimum af Tryk i de 
dybere Lag. Samtidig stige Isothermerne her opad og 
Isothermen for —1°.6 naar sin største Højde under 74° 
Bredde, medens Saltholdigheden synker til et Minimum. 
Det er en opstigende Bevægelse af koldt og saltfattigere Vand. 
Under 76°.5 Bredde have vi et Maximum af Tryk. 
Isothermerne have her et Minimum af Højde, Saltholdig- 
heden har et Maximum. Der er en nedstigende Bevægelse 
af varmere og saltere Vand. 
Vende vi nu vor Opmerksomhed paa Snittet XXIX 
efter Meridianen 109 E, Pl. XV, og sammenligne det med 
Karterne Pl. XLVI og XLVII. 
Under 709 Bredde have vi Maximum af Tryk. 
thermerne sænke sig’ sterkt mod Dybet. 
Iso- 
Under 72° til 73° Bredde er et Minimum af Tryk. 
Dybets Isothermer ere løftede til en Top. 
Sammenligne vi Snittet XXX, Pl. XV, med Isobar- 
karterne, saa finde vi, i Meridianen 10° W, Jan Mayen Rendens 
Sydside optaget af temmelig koldt Vand, medens dens Nord- 
under Indflydelse af Trykmaximet under 70°, har 
Nordenfor Jan Mayen kommer 
Her løfte Dybets Isother- 
side, 
varmere, nedstigende Vand. 
man paa et Minimum af Tryk. 
mer sig op. 
Trykkets Maxima ere saaledes gjennemgaaende led- 
sagede af nedstigende Bevægelser af varmere og saltere Vand, 
Trykkets Minima af opstigende Bevægelser af koldere og 
saltfattigere Vand. Dette er i Overensstemmelse med, at 
Temperaturen i Havet er højest i de øvre Lag og lavest 
i de dybere. I Atmosfæren er det omvendte Tilfældet. 
Her ere derfor de barometriske Minima ledsagede af opsti- 
gende Strømme af varmere og fugtigere Luft og de baro- 
metriske Maxima af nedstigende Strømme af koldere og 
tørrere Luft. Fra Jordens af Solen opvarmede Overflade 
udgaa de varmere Strømninger saavel i Atmosfæren som 
i Havet. 
Af Meridiansnittene XX VIII, XXIX og XXX ser 
man, at Isothermerne i de øvre Lag, saavel i 500 Favne 
som i 300 Favne, følge som Regel de Bojninger, som disse 
Linier have i de beskrevne dybere Lag. Navnlig er Iso- 
thermernes Bøjning nedad i 70° til 71° Bredde, opad i 
73° til 75° Bredde og nedad 1 76° til 77° Bredde udpræget, 
især i Snittet efter Greenwich Meridian. Saltholdigheden 
(Pl. XX XVIIT) viser tilsvarende Forhold. De sterkere 
verticale Bevægelser 1 Dybet foraarsage altsaa tilsvarende 
verticale Bevægelser 1 de øvre Lag. 
178 
From the 70th to the 71st parallel of latitude, we 
have a maximum of pressure. Here, the isotherms’ of the 
deep are seen bending downwards, and thus produce a 
maximum of temperature at the bottom, the amount of 
salt also showing a maximum. In other words, we have a 
downward motion of warmer and salter water. 
From the 73rd to the 74th parallel of latitude, we 
have, on the north side of the Transverse Ridge, in the 
Swedish Deep, a minimum of pressure throughout the 
deeper strata. At the same time, the isotherms here rise 
upwards; and the isotherm for —1°.6 reaches its greatest 
height on the 74th parallel of latitude, whereas the amount 
of salt sinks to a minimum. It is an upward motion of 
cold water containing a comparatively small proportion 
of salt. 
In latitude 76°.5, we have a maximum of pressure. 
The isotherms have here a minimum of height; the amount 
of salt exhibits a maximum. There is a downward motion 
of warmer and salter water. 
Let us now turn our attention to section XXIX, 
extending along the meridian long. 10° EK, Pl. XV, and 
compare it with the maps Pl. XLVI and Pl. XLVII. 
On the 70th parallel of latitude, we meet with a 
maximum of pressure. The isotherms dip down towards 
the deep. 
In latitude 72° to 73°, we have a minimum of pres- 
The isotherms of the deep rise to a summit. 
Let us compare section XXX, Pl. XV, with the 
isobar-maps. We shall find, on the meridian 10° W, the 
south side of the Jan-Mayen Channel filled with compara- 
tively cold water, whereas the north side, under the in- 
fluence of the pressure-maximum in lat. 70° N, has warmer 
North of Jan Mayen 
Here, the isotherms of 
sure. 
water, with a downward motion. 
occurs a minimum of pressure. 
the deep rise upwards. 
Hence the maxima of pressure are always accom- 
panied by downward motions of warmer and salter water, 
the minima of pressure by upward motions of colder water, 
having a less amount of salt. This accords with the fact, 
that the temperature of the sea is highest in the upper 
strata and lowest in the deeper. .In the atmosphere the 
is the case. There, accordingly, the barometric 
minima are accompanied by ascending currents of warmer 
and moister air, the barometric maxima by descending 
currents of colder and drier air. From the surface of 
the earth, heated as it is by the rays of the sun, the warm 
currents issue alike in the atmosphere and in the sea. 
The meridional sections XXVIII, X XIX, and XXX 
show us that the isotherms in the upper strata, both those 
at 500 and those at 8300 fathoms, as a rule follow the 
bends which these lines are found to make in the deeper 
strata. Note particularly the downward bend of the 
isotherms from the 70th to the 71st parallel of latitude, the 
upward bend from the 73rd fto the 75th parallel, and 
the downward bend from parallel 76 to parallel 77, especially 
throughout the section extending along the meridian of 
Greenwich. The amount of salt (Pl. XX XVIIT) exhib- 
reverse 
