T Jan Mayen Renden skyder sig i alle Dybder en 
kold Tunge ned østenfor Island. 
Over Islands Banker strømmer varmt Vand i anti- 
eyclonisk Retning. 
Mellem Island og Færøerne føres i den sydlige Del 
atlantisk Vand over til det norske Hav. I den vestlige 
Del af dette Strog strømmer Atlanterhavets Vand nord- 
over og vestover. Denne Strøm har paa sin højre Side 
Tungen fra Jan Mayen Renden (Tversnit V, Pl. IX), hvis 
Vand strømmer sydover. I de øverste Lag skylle Vindene 
den sidstes koldere Vand udover den førstes varmere. I de 
dybere Lag trænger den varmere Strøm frem under den 
koldere, idet den følger Bankens Indbøjninger. 
Dybets Trykmaximum 1 Station 52, østenfor Island 
v ed p 2 
Der synes at 
foregaa en Sugning af varmt Vand østenfra derhenimod. 
gjør sig gjældende ogsaa 1 de øvre Lag. 
I 200 Favnes Dyb gjenfinde vi de ovenfor beskrevne 
Træk i det hele taget. Kun de enkelte nye behøve derfor 
her at beskrives. 
Landkuldens Virkning er ophørt. Det varmeste Vand 
ligger paa Havets Østside lige ved Bankerne. Under 66° 
40’ N. Br., 7°—8° E. Led. gjør Isobathen for 200 Favne 
en pludselig Bøjning mod Øst. Ligesaa 1 300 Favnes Dyb. 
Som Pl. XLIV viser, føres her Vandet tvers udover Banken, 
med nedstigende Tendens. Det er omtrent lignende Til- 
fælde som paa Wyville Thomson-Ryggen. Idet Vandet i 
sin nordgaaende Bevægelse forlader Banken, fører det det 
nærmeste Underlag med sig. Dette erstattes nedenfra, og 
koldere Vand suges saaledes md over Banken. Man ser 
dette i Karterne Pl. XVIIL og XIX,1 Tversnit XII, PI. X, 
i Profilet Pl. XX VI, og i Bundtemperaturkartet Pl. X XV, 
hvor Isothermerne for 5° og 6° have betydelige Indsænk- 
ninger mod Syd. 
Den tidligere Side 68 beskrevne kolde Bundstrøm 
fra Storfjorden nedover Spidsbergbanken træder frem 1 
200 og 800 Favnes Dyb, og sees bedst paa Bundkartet 
Pl. XXV. Dens Motiv finde vi i Trykfordelingen, PI. 
XLIIT, der giver en Gradient directe ud af Storfjorden i 
Retning af det iskolde Vands Bevægelse. 
Af Tyversnittene og Karterne fremgaar det, at det 
varme Vand paa Kystbankerne af disse beskyttes mod Af- 
kjøling fra neden, i Modsætning til den sterke Afkjøling, 
som finder Sted der, hvor varmt og iskoldt Vand grændse 
ind til hverandre, som østenfor Jan Mayen, paa Island- 
Færø-Ryggen (her i horizontal Retning), Færø-Shetland- 
Renden, paa Yderskraaningen af de norske Banker, med 
flere Steder. I Overfladen har Strømmen sin største Ha- 
stighed. Den aftager nedover til 300 Faynes Dyb. 
\ 
I 500 Favnes Dyb (Pl. XLV) er Isobarsystemet 
meget ligt deti 300 Favne. Nordhavet er ganske afspærret 
Den norske Nordhavsexpedition. 
185 
H. Mobn: Nordhavets Dybder, Temperatur og Strømninger. 
In the Jan-Mayen Channel, a cold tongue shoots 
down in all depths east of Iceland. 
Over the banks of Iceland, 
anticyclonic direction. 
Between Iceland and the Færoes, the southern 
part of this tract, Atlantic water is carried over to the 
Norwegian Sea. In the western part water from the Atlantic 
flows northward and westward. On its right side, this cur- 
rent has the tongue from the Jan-Mayen Channel (Trans- 
verse Section V, Pl. IX), whose water sets southward. 
Throughout the uppermost strata, the winds sweep 'the 
colder water of the latter over the warmer water of the 
In the deeper strata, the warmer current forces 
warm water flows in an 
in 
former. 
its way under the colder, following, as it does so, the 
sinuosities of the bank. 
The pressure-maximum of the deep at Station 52, 
east of Iceland, asserts its influence also in the upper strata. 
A suction of warm water from the east, would appear to 
proceed towards that part. 
At a depth of 200 fathoms, we again, on the whole, 
meet with the features described above. Hence, only the 
new characteristics need be set forth here. 
The effect of the land-cold has ceased. The warmest 
water lies on the east side of the ocean, close to the banks. 
In lat. 66° 40’ N, long. 7° to 8° E, the isobath for 200 
fathoms makes a sudden bend toward the east. The same 
is the case at a depth of 300 fathoms. As shown in PI. 
XLIV, the water here is carried straight across and past 
the bank, with a downward tendency. This is much the 
same as on the Wyville-Thomson Ridge. As the water, 
when setting north, leaves the bank, it carries with it the 
nearest substratum. For this, compensation is given from 
below, colder water being drawn in over the bank. This 
is shown in the maps Pls. XVIII and XIX, in transverse 
section XII, Pl. X, in the. profile, Pl. X XVI, and in the 
Bottom-Temperature Map, Pl. X XV, where the isotherms 
for 5° and 6° form distinct loops towards the south. 
The cold bottom-stream, described on page 68, flow- 
ing down from the Storfjord over the Spitzbergen Bank, 
makes its appearance in depths of 200 and 300 fathoms, 
and is best seen on the Bottom-Map, Pl. XXV. Its 
motive we find in the distribution of pressure, Pl. XLITI, 
which shows a gradient pointing straight out of the Stor- 
fjord in the direction taken by the ice-cold water. 
From the transverse sections and the maps, it appears 
that the warm water on the coast banks is protected by 
the latter against cooling from below, in contrast to the 
very considerable cooling that results where warm and ice- 
cold water border on each other, as for example east of 
Jan Mayen, on the Iceland-Færoe Ridge (there hori- 
zontally), the Færoe-Shetland Channel, on the outer 
slope of the Norwegian banks, as also in several other 
localities. At the surface, the current has its greatest 
velocity. This decreases downwards to a depth of 300 
fathoms. 
At a depth of 500 fathoms (Pl. XLV), the isobar- 
system resembles that at a depth of 300 fathoms. 
24 
