er det at antage, at Strømhastighederne i 1500 Favnes Dyb 
kun blive smaa. 
I de Dybder, der overstige 1500 Favne, vil Trykfor- 
delingen være noget nær den samme som 1 dette Dyb. 
Trykmaximum i Norskedybet giver Temperaturmaximum ved 
Bunden (Pl. XXV) i Station No. 52 af —19%17. 
Det kolde Vand fra Jan Mayen Renden glider langs 
Bunden henimod Trykminimum i 684 Bredde. Trykmaximum 
under 71° Bredde giver Temperaturmaximum paa Bunden 
mellem Jan Mayen og Vesteraalen. En anticyclonisk Be- 
vegelse fra dette Trykmaximums Nordside, fortsat, ved 
Reaction af den vestgaaende synkende varme Strom fra den 
norske Side, mod Syd henimod Trykminimum i 68° Bredde, 
omcirkler, i Forbindelse med hin Strom fra Jan Mayen 
Renden, Temperaturens Maximum. Dette bliver paa alle 
Sider omgivet af koldere Vand. 
I Svenskedybet kommer, under Indflydelsen af Tryk- 
kets Minimum, Nordhavets koldeste Vand (—1°.7) frem 
langs Bunden fra det endnu uudforskede nordvestre Grøn- 
landshav. Paa Spidsbergsiden er varmere Vand, med nord- 
overgaaende, nedstigende Bevægelse mod Trykkets Maximum 
1 77° Bredde. 
Som Karterne Pl. XXV og Pl. XX XV vise, svarer 
der til højere Temperatur paa Havbunden en højere Nalt- 
holdighed, til en lavere Temperatur en ringere Saltholdig- 
hed. 
polare Vands Kjendemerke. 
Vor Chemiker, Hr. Hercules Tornge, har først! gjort 
opmerksom paa de to Maxima af Saltholdighed og dermed 
sammenfaldende Minima af Luft- eller Kvælstofholdighed, 
som findes paa Bunden i vort Nordhay. Hans Forklaring 
af Fænomenet er, som vi se, bleven fuldkommen bekræftet 
af mine Undersøgelser Strøm- 
ningerne. 
over Trykforholdene og 
12. Almindelig Oversigt over Nordhavets Strømninger. 
Vandet i vort Nordhav hidrører fra to forskjellige 
Kilder, fra Atlanterhavet og fra det indre arctiske Polar- 
hav. Drevet af de herskende Vinde paa Sydsiden og Øst- 
siden af det islandsk-grønlandske Lutttryksminimum bevæger 
Nordatlanterhavets øvre Vandlag sig henimod de britiske 
Mer, Færøerne og Island. I Dybet moder det de Rygge, 
som forbinde disse Ger, og nodes til at bevæge sig i en 
Bue langs Ryggenes Vestside og Islands Syd- og Vestside. 
I de øvre Lag føres Vandet over Bankerne og Ryggene 
mellem Skotland og Færøerne directe, og over Islands 
Banker langs denne Øes Sydside, Vestside, Nordside og 
Østside ad Omvej ind i det norske Hav. Her breder det 
1 
Den H. Tornøe. 
Su (GT 
norske Nordhavs- Expedition. Chemi. 
Det første er det atlantiske Vands, det sidste det: 
188 
sea-bed. Hence, it may be assumed that the current- 
velocities at a depth of 1500 fathoms are but trifling. 
In depths exceeding 1500 fathoms, the distribution 
of pressure will be much the same as at that depth. The 
pressure-maximum in the Norway Deep gives a temperature- 
maximum at the bottom (Pl. XXV), Station 52, of —1°.17. 
The cold water from the Jan-Mayen Channel moves 
along the bottom towards the pressure-minimum in lat. 
68° N. The pressure-maximum in lat. 71° N occasions a 
temperature-maximum at the bottom between Jan Mayen 
and Vesteraalen. An anticyclonic motion from the north 
side of this pressure-maximum — passing on, by the reaction 
of the warm descending current flowing westward from the 
Norwegian side, towards the south, in the direction of the 
pressure-minimum lat. 68° N — encircles, in conjunction with 
the current from the Jan-Mayen Channel, the maximum of 
temperature. The latter is surrounded on all sides by 
colder water. 
In the Swedish Deep, the coldest water of the 
North-Ocean (—1°.7) makes its way along the bottom, 
under the influence of the minimum of pressure, from the 
still unexplored tracts of the north-western region of the 
Greenland Sea. 
water, with a descending motion setting northward, towards 
the maximum of pressure in lat. 77° N. 
As shown by the maps Pl. XXV and Pl. XXXV, 
to a higher temperature on the sea-bed corresponds a greater 
proportion of salt, to a lower temperature a less amount of 
salt. The former is the characteristic of the Atlantic water, 
the latter that of the Polar water. 
Mr. Hercules Tornge, Chemist to our Expedition, 
was the first! to point out the two maxima of salinity, 
On the Spitzbergen side there is warmer 
along with the minima of air- (or nitrogen) content occur- 
ring at the bottom of the North Ocean. His explanation of 
the phenomenon has-been thoroughly borne out by my in- 
vestigations on the pressure and the currents. 
12. General Description of the Currents in the North Ocean. 
The water in the North Ocean has its origin from 
two distinct sources, viz., the Atlantic and the inner part 
of the Aretic Polar Sea. Driven by the prevailing winds 
on the south and east sides of the Icelandic-Greenland 
minimum of atmospheric pressure, the upper strata of the 
North Atlantic move in the direction of the British Islands, 
the Færoes, and Iceland. In the deep, they meet the ridges 
that connect those islands, and are compelled to proceed 
in' åa curve along the west side of the ridges and the south 
and west sides of Iceland. Throughout the upper strata, 
the water is carried direct across the banks and the ridges 
between Scotland and the Feroes, and over the banks 
1 The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition. H. Tornge. 
Chemistry, p. 69—74. 
