189 
sig ud over Nordsøen, og indtager 1 sin Bevægelse langs 
Continentets Kyster de øvre Lag lige til Novaja Semlja 
og Spidsbergen. Ombgjet af Gronlandshavets Nordenvinde 
gaar det atlantiske Vand for en stor Del atter sydover 
langs Polarstrømmens Østgrændse, passerer østenfor Jan 
Mayen og svinger, østenfor Island, igjen nedi den centrale 
Del af det norske Hav. 
Fra Færø-Shetland Renden af, hvor det atlantiske 
Vand afkjøles af det underliggende kolde Vand, som det 
selv ved sin Bevægelse er virksomt til at suge ind over 
Rendens Bund fra Norske-Dybet, synker det salte Vand 
med den saaledes erhvervede større Tæthed nedover og op- 
træder ved Rendens Munding som iskoldt Vand af atlantisk 
specifisk Vægt 1 500 Favnes Dyb. Længere mod Nord, 
mellem Island og Norge, danner det et Trykmaximum med 
Temperaturmaximum og Tæthedsmaximum samt Luftholdig- 
hedsminimum igjennem alle de dybere Lag. 
Mellem Jan Mayen og Norge danner det 
tungere atlantiske Vand i Dybet et Trykmaximum med 
Temperaturmaximum og Tæthedsmaximum samt Minimum af 
Luftholdighed, afkjølet som det bliver paa Syd-, Nord- og 
Vestsiden af koldere Vand. 
Samtidig sender det indre Polarhav sine kolde og 
ved Issmeltning opspædede Vandmasser ned i Nordhavet 
langs Grønlands Østkyst. De øvre Lag finde igjen sit Ud- 
løb gjennem den nordlige. Del af Danmarkstrædet, medens 
en mindre Del strømmer gjennem Jan Mayen-Renden østen- 
for Island ind i det norske Hav. 
ogsaa 
Imellem Gronland og Spidsbergen gaar i de dybere 
Polarstrømmens Vand mod Dybet, ligesaa østenfor 
Jan Mayen og i Jan, Mayen-Rendens vestlige Del. Gjen- 
nem disse Strømninger føres det fra det indre Polarhav 
kommende og i Overfladen om Vinteren afkjølede Vand 
ned i Dybene i Nordhavet. Det møder her det synkende 
atlantiske Vand. Polarvandet opvarmes og Atlanterhavs- 
vandet afkjøles. 
Lag 
I 74° og i 68° Bredde stiger det kolde Vand fra 
Dybet op til højere Niveauer. Her have vi de nedstigende 
Strømmes Compensationsstrømme. 
I det søndre Bækken ere de nedstigende Strømme 
varmere end i det nordre, og det samme bliver Tilfældet 
med de opstigende. Den laveste Temperatur ved Bunden 
er —1°.36. I det nordre Bækken er den laveste Tempe- 
ratur paa Bunden 1 den hidtil udforskede Del af Havet 
—19%7. Under den polare Vinter afkjøles Havvandet til 
—2°.1. Men denne Temperatur træffes ikke 1 Dybet. I 
dette er Temperaturen højere. Det nedsynkende atlantiske 
Vand har opvarmet Dybet. Denne Opvarmning, finder især 
Sted 1 det sydlige Bækken, hvor Atlanterhavsvandet for- 
nemmelig kommer til Synkning. I det nordlige Bækken er 
of Iceland, along the south, the west, the north, and the 
east sides of that island, by circuitous routes into the Nor- 
wegian Sea. Here it is suffused over the North Sea, and, 
on its course along the coasts of the continent, occupies the 
higher strata, as far north as Novaja Semlja and Spitz- 
bergen. Turned aside by the north winds of the Green- 
land Sea, the Atlantic water passes in great part again 
southward, the limit of the Polar 
rent, flows to the east of Jan Mayen, and then rounds off 
again, east of Iceland, into the central portion of the Nor- 
along eastern cur- 
wegian Sea, 
From the Færoe-Shetland Channel, where the Atlantic 
water is cooled by the subjacent cold water, which by its 
own motion it is effective to draw in over the bottom of 
the channel from the Norway Deep, the salt water sinks 
by reason of the greater density thus acquired, and is met 
with at the mouth of the channel as ice-cold water of At- 
lantic specific gravity, 500 fathoms deep. Farther north, 
between Iceland and Norway, it constitutes a pressure-maxi- 
mum, together with a temperature-maximum and a density- 
maximum, as also å minimum of air-content — throughout all 
the deeper strata. 
Between Jan Mayen and Norway, the heavier Atlantic 
water likewise constitutes in the deep a pressure-maximum, 
along with a temperature-maximum anda density-maximum, 
as also a minimum of air-content, cooled as it is on the 
south, north, and west sides by colder water. 
Simultaneously, the inner tracts of the Polar Sea send 
their cold masses of water, diluted by the melting of 
into the North Ocean, along the east coast 
The upper strata find their outlet through 
ice, down 
of Greenland. 
the northern part of Denmark Strait, whereas a smaller 
portion of the water passes through the Jan-Mayen Chan- 
nel, east of Iceland, and thence into the Norwegian Sea. 
Between Greenland and Spitzbergen, the water of 
the Polar current passes in the lower strata into the 
deep, as is also the case east of Jan Mayen and in the 
western part of the Jan-Mayen Channel. By these currents, 
the water coming from the inner tracts of the Polar Sea, 
and cooled during winter at the surface; is carried into 
the deeps of the North Ocean. Here it meets the sinking 
Atlantic water. The Polar water is warmed, the Atlantic 
water is cooled. 
In lat. 74° N and lat. 689 N, the cold water from the 
deep rises to higher levels. Here, we have the compensation- 
currents of the descending currents. 
In the southern basin, the descending currents are 
warmer than in the northern; and the same, too, is the 
ease with the ascending. The lowest temperature at the 
bottom is —1°.36. In the northern basin, the lowest tem- 
perature at the bottom in the hitherto explored, part of 
the Sea is —1°.7. During the Arctic winter, the water 
of the sea is cooled down to —2°.1. But this temperature 
is not met with in the deep. There, the temperature is 
higher. The sinking Atlantic water has warmed the lower 
strata. This heating takes place more especially through- 
out the southern basin, where the Atlantic water in par- 
