older trees many of the leaves will lack them. The white 
flowers are borne in axillary clusters early, since they ap- 
pear on previous year’s wood. The large, bright red fruit 
terminates a slender stalk one half inch long. The horned 
holly is a small tree of striking beauty which is hardy 
in zone 7 on the climatic map and is worthy of trial in 
zone 6. 
Several years ago a sport of cornuta appeared, the 
leaves of which are spineless or nearly so, deeper green 
and very glossy. This has been named I. cornuta burfordi. 
Though the burford holly has not been tested extensively, 
it appears hardier than the parent. A sturdy fast grow- 
ing tree near Philadelphia is thriving, while others on 
Long Island indicate that it is worthy of general use in 
that region. Because of its compactness, heavy berry pro- 
duction and beauty, it is one of the choicest. 
Coming also from China is Ilex pernyi, named in 
.onor of the French missionary and_ botanical explorer, 
Paul Perny. The leaves of this tree frequently measure 
less than one inch long, impressing one as miniature 
duplicates of those of cornuta. The ovoid red berry has 
no stem, being attached to the base of the leaf. An up- 
right, compact tree to 12 or 15 feet, in its juvenile years 
it grows rapidly, slowing down as it gets older. A tree 
worthy of wide use. 
A variety of pernyi with larger leaves and smaller 
spines resulted from seed sent to the Veitch Nursery in 
England by E. H. Wilson. More loose growing, Ilex 
pernyi veitchii makes an open coarser tree. 
Several crosses of I. pernyi and English holly have pro- 
duced interesting and beautiful hybrids which have been 
named Ilex aquipernyi. Both the male and female forms 
appear hardier than either parent which would lead us 
to believe they would grow in parts of zone 5. Having 
characteristics of both species, aquipernyi is an open 
growing hybrid with pernyi type leaves, though much 
larger and revolute. The fruit is slightly flattened, bright 
red and with an indication of a stalk. 
Possibly the most unique of the species from the 
Orient is Ilex pedunculosa, the long stalk holly, which on 
cursory glance might be mistaken for a pear tree or a 
cherry. Though evergreen, the leaves have none of the 
stiffness or corkiness of other hollies. It is a columnar 
tree to 30 feet in height, compact and impressive. The 
female bears cherry red berries suspended on 2 inch 
stems or peduncles, hence its name. This species is grow- 
ing at Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts, also in West- 
chester County, N. Y. Trees from hardy stock should do 
well in much of zone 5. 
This group of hollies from China and adjacent lands 
should be planted much more freely than at present. 
They are quite free from insect and fungous attack and 
grow in a variety of soils Moreover they withstand 
drought and high tempertures better than do the Eng- 
lish varieties. 
