194: ARTILLERY AND MUSKETRY FIRE. 
of probability is entirely neglected as has already been explained. 
We can now proceed to consider the different series as they were 
fired. 
Series 1 to 4 were fired at ranges from 1800 to 2400 yds.—the 
ranges were previously carefully measured by range takers and were 
also verified by guns. This, the first day’s shooting, was probably 
less effective than it would have been later on. Infantry officers 
present expressed great disappointment at what they considered 
meagre results, but considering the long range and difficult targets, 
more especially the infantry target, the results are not so bad when 
compared with the mean results of artillery firing an equal weight of 
ammunition at very similar targets. 
The dummies were placed on a range of low sand hills so that 
ricochets could hardly be expected. Rain had fallen in the morning 
and the sand was damp; whether this was the cause or not, it was 
impossible to observe the strike of volleys or of individual bullets with 
even the most powerful glasses. The mean per centage of target (4 
gun detachment in action) destroyed per 16°5 lbs. of ammunition fired 
in series | and 3 was 1°62: of infantry target (standing and kneeling 
dummies and screens),in series 2 and 4°77 per cent.—the targets 
were practically of equal frontage to the firing line—ranges 1850 and 
2300 yds. respectively. 
The mean results of all the batteries practising at Glenbeigh this 
year at all sorts of targets at a similar mean range of 2100 yds. was 
2°63 for each round fired, weighing 16°5 lbs. as already stated, but ib 
should be remembered that ranging rounds are included, and being 
mostly common shell, they very materially reduce the effect produced 
by artillery on the practice ground. 
Itis unfortunate that data similar to those taken at artillery practice 
are not available in the case of musketry. Deductions made from the 
result of a few days field firme cannot be depended on as can average 
results taken under all sorts of conditions of weather and target. At 
Glenbeigh the first four were the only series fired at an infantry target, 
and the rounds available were very few for the purpose. For calculation 
of effect on personnel we can however include the results obtained on 
the dummy portion of the artillery targets fired at in series 5 to 8; 
when, taking the mean of the whole 8 series, we get the range as 1675 
yds. and dummies hit per round -0024—from this we can deduce a per 
centage of 1°81 per cent. destroyed of the target fired at for an expen- 
diture of 16°5 lbs. of ammunition, which is not so far behind the 
artillery average, though the range in the case of the latter is con- 
siderably more, namely 2097 yds. 
From the results given in the table it is evident that the effect of 
musketry fire increases rapidly as the range decreases from about 1500 
ds. Results of field firing recently carried out on the continent, at 
ranges of 660 yds. and under, aré available through the kindness of 
an officer who was present, and are given in the table of statistics 
numbered series 9 to 12. Of these series 9 and 10 were fired by dis- 
mounted cavalry under conditions somewhat similar to those obtaining 
at Glenbeigh, though not nearly so favourable to the rifle except in 
