ARTILLERY AND MUSKETRY FIRE. 197 
was by section volleys, in the excepted case it was by magazine 
volleys, and the latter method was also employed in some of the 
experimental series which are not noted in the table attached. 
The results tended to show that not only is a greater effect pro- 
duced, as might indeed be expected from the greater number of rounds 
fired, but that magazine volleys are more effective round for round ex- 
pended as compared with section volleys; it may be that the longer 
dwelling on the “ present,” which takes place in ordinary fire, tends 
to shake the aim. 
From the four series, 5 to 8,in which both men and horses were 
fired at, we may deduce the following averages, the target being 
practically the same on each occasion. 
Mean Ranae 1250 Yarps. 
Per centage of target destroyed per ieee eins rocks 
100 rifles firing for one minute. i Horses, 32. 
If we could assume that this effect would be the same under service 
conditions, the outlook would be a very unpleasant one for the horses 
of a battery coming under infantry fire. But if the effect of only one 
of the factors of service conditions—hurry—was to reduce the per 
centage from 387 to 4°7,a battery commander may fairly hope to be 
able to bring his battery into action under the fire of infantry occupying 
a frontage equal to his own at 1000 yds., or even less, without necessarily 
sacrificing his mobility. 
As to movements to a flank under fire, the effect in series 8 would 
no doubt have been very much greater if magazine volleys had been 
fired instead of section volleys; and if a battery were caught in column 
of route on a narrow road within 1300 yds. of infantry who knew the 
range and were expecting them, it is very probable that that battery 
would lose the greater part of its horses. 
Gunners, however, are well aware of the danger of such movements, 
and where they are necessary open formations and a rapid pace are 
enjoined by the drill-book. 
The relative value of artillery, as compared with musketry fire, is 
certainly not less now than it was in 1870; though guns have not 
gained as much in range as have small-arms, they have made up for it 
by increased efficiency in other directions. 
‘Though the results of the data given tend to show that guns will 
not Le able in future to move freely and come into action within half a 
mile or so of infantry with comparative immunity, as was the case here- 
tofore, it must be remembered that if cover exists they can now 
bring fire to bear without necessarily showing themselves at all from 
positions in which they are practically safe from musketry fire. 
In the matter of adjuncts for indirect laying one must admit regret- 
fully that we are not keeping level with continental Powers with whom 
the clinometer is fast superseding the tangent scale. With us a 
satisfactory field clinometer has still to be found—when supplied, this 
important matter will no doubt receive the increased attention which 
it deserves, 
