CHINO-JAPANESE WAR. 385 
were disembarked under cover of their fleet. The remainder of the 
3rd division meanwhile arrived from Japan and the two divisions, 3rd 
and 5th, formed the 1st army under Marshal Yamagata. 
The northward march from the Seisenko was begun on the 15th 
October ; and on the 23rd the army was at Wiju, on the left bank of 
the Yalu. 
The Chinese held Kurenjo and Antoken on the opposite bank, as 
well as Kozan, which is a hill in the angle between the Yalu and 
Aika rivers. The Aika is a tributary which joins the Yalu from the 
north, just opposite Kurenjo. 
Marshal Yamagata determined to attack Kozan first and then to 
cross the Aika and turn the Chinese left flank at Kurenjo. 
The great difficulty was the construction of a bridge over the Yalu 
in the face of the Chinese. 
However, all the material was collected in good time and the bridge 
was begun after dark on the 24th October. The orders were that it 
was to be completed by 4.a.m., but it proved to be a longer job than 
was expected, and owing to several causes, amongst them the intense 
cold of the water, it was not finished till 6 o’clock a.m. It was so 
cold that the men could not work in the water without being con- 
stantly relieved. Fortunately there was a dense fog, which only began 
to lift at 6 a.m., and so the operations were concealed from the 
Chinese. 
Kozan was taken without difficulty at 8 o’clock by the 5th brigade, 
and this seemed to wake up the Chinese, for two separate forces then 
advanced towards Kozan, one from Kurenjo and the other from the 
north. Marshal Yamagata at once ordered the 10th brigade to cross 
the bridge; and this brigade, advancing by the south of Kozan, took 
the Chinese force from Kurenjo in flank and drove it back. The infantry 
who had captured Kozan and the adjoining hills meanwhile moved north- 
ward towards another hill; butas they ascended the southern slopes the 
Chinese force from the north was ascending its northern slopes. 
The Chinese force was very much the stronger of the two, and the 
Japanese immediately fell back a short distance; but they had their 
guns in position, and the Chinese did not dare to come on any further. 
After a time the Japanese managed to get round the left flank of the 
Chinese, and at the same time the 10th brigade moved up the valley 
and attacked their right flank, and the usual thing happened; the 
Chinese bolted. The Japanese crossed the Aika and bivouacked on its 
right bank above Kurenjo—and the next morning it was found that 
both Kurenjo and Antoken had been abandoned by the Chinese. 
General Tachimi then went on to Howojo (or Feng-huang-cheng as it 
is called in Chinese), and occupied that place on the 29th October with- 
out any fighting. On the 7th November Takushan was occupied by 
another small force, and henceforth became an important place because 
it was used as a base for supplying the troops who afterwards 
advanced to Haicheng. 
Meanwhile, on the 16th October, the Ist division began to leave 
Japan for the projected attack on Port Arthur, forming, with half of 
the 6th division, the 2nd army under Marshal Oyama. And when 
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