482 SHRAPNEL FIRE OF FIELD ARTILLERY. 
The 12-pr. Mark II. shell has an angle of opening identical with the 
15-pr. Mark II., but only contains 150 bullets. The number of hits 
will, therefore, be { of those obtained with the 15-pr., viz. 42. This 
is still much superior to the German shell. 
HxamPple—Pagqe 17 or Hssay. 
How many hits may we expect to make at 1,093 and 2,187 yards 
when firing at a line of skirmishers lying down, each man occupying a 
front of 0°875 yards, with distances of burst of 54, 109, 164, 218, and 
273 yards from target? 15-pr., 12-pr. and German shell. ° 
(1). Ar 1,093 Yarns. 
The angle of opening of English shell is 8°, the spread of the bullets 
with a distance of burst of 54 yards is 7°5 yards. In this width eight 
men can lie, giving a target area of 8 x ‘15 = 1:2 square yards. The 
density of hits = 4:4 for the 15-pr.; therefore the number of hits to 
be expected is 4°4 x 1:2 = 5:28 per round. That is supposing no man 
to be hit with more than one bullet, the German would kill or 
wound three and three-quarter men among 20, while our shell would 
kill or wound five and a quarter men among 7; the latter result would 
seom to be much the most demoralizing in its effect. 
Following up the example we get— 
Hits per round. 
15-pr. Mark IT. 12-pr. Mark II. German. 
54 yards burst is oes AS 000 200 3°96 oh 3°75 
10D» ip 500 tbo BBL 00 obi 1:98 60 1:87 
164 ,, 00 a PTD 500 000 1°32 B00 1°25 
QS a5 > 000 900 UBB ooo 000 0°99 000 0°94 
HI sco oR ean ORS so OTB 
327 22 29 00 0°88 er i 
adding another 54 yards makes the distance of burst 327 yards, and we 
still obtain a better effect with our 15-pr. than the German shell at 
273 yards. This is a decided advantage, considering the waywardness 
of time fuzes. 
(2). Av 2,187 Yarns. 
Distance of burst 54 yards; angle of opening 10°; spread of bullets 
10 yards. In this space 12 skirmishers could lie, giving a target of 
12 x -15=1:8 square yards. ‘The density of hits of 15-pr. is 
2 x 1:3 = 2°6, therefore the total number of hits will be 4°68 per 
round. 
Hits per round. 
15-pr. Mark II. 12-pr. Mark II. German ~ 
54 yards burst 006 sat 4-68... 200 3°51 600 3:14 
109 ,, 9 wee was a°34 200 175 soe 1:57 
NGA, 9p ae xh WO soc p00 Tew 00 1:04 
BUS 95 » ie ae bi aes a 0°87 00 0°78 
BS a0 » oat be 0293 eae 200 0°69 aes 0°63 
BT 39 oy) soe 200 0:78 eve are 
