528. THE KASHMIR IMPERIAL SERVICE ARTILLERY. 
and the Imperial Service army consists of two brigades, each com- 
manded by a general and staff. One general commands at Gilgit, the 
other at Jammu. The head-quarter staff, of course, carries on the 
administration of the regular and Imperial Service armies. 
The corps stationed at Jammu are, save when occasionally required 
for State ceremonials and the small proportion needed for guards and 
escorts, placed at the disposal of the inspecting officers for drill and 
instruction, the usual course being that the commandants of corps 
carry out their daily parades according to a programme approved by 
the inspecting officers, who superintend generally and from time to 
time carry out formal inspections. 
The Kashmir troops, of whom half are practically always on field 
service on the frontier and on whose efficiency consequently much 
depends, have resident inspecting officers at Jammu, with the exception 
of the cavalry which, ike the troops of other States in India, form 
part of a circle presided over by an inspecting officer, whose visits are 
only periodical. 
The army is recruited to a great extent from Dogras who inhabit 
the hilly territory on the Punjab frontier, between the plains and 
Kashmir, a. race who have always made good soldiers. There is 
probably not a single Kashmiri in the whole Kashmir army, but some 
Sikhs and Pathans from settlements of those races in Kashmir, a relic 
of the Afghan and Sikh occupation of that country, are enlisted in 
small numbers. 
The Imperial Service infantry regiments nearly all contain one of 
more companies of Gurkhas, a custom of old standing. At one time 
Gurkhas received a higher rate of pay and large numbers were enlisted 
and even now there is one complete Gurkha battalion in the Kashmir 
army. Some difficulty is experienced in obtaining Dogras of sufficient 
physique for the Mountain Artillery service, as none of them run very 
tall; they are, however, very sturdy men as a rule and a havildar of 
No. 1 battery, a No. 1 of one of the sub-divisions, carried the gun, 
weighing 200 lbs., over the top of the Shandour pass, a very consider- 
able distance in several feet of snow. For his subsequent conduct at 
Chaklewat and Nisagul he received the order of merit, 3rd class. 
The troops at Gilgit are superintended and led on service by British 
officers attached to the British agent’s staff and are administered 
through the Dogra general there and the Kashmir army authorities. 
They saw service under Colonel Durand in the Hunza campaign in 
vompany with British Indian troops; later, when Chilas (was attacked 
by Kohistanis, their conduct was most excellent and when both 
British officers were hors-de-combat native officer after native officer 
took the place at their head, only to be shot down ’ere the enemy were 
beaten off. Last year again they took part with Indian troops in the 
defence of Chitral and the relief from the Gilgit side, and General Baj 
Singh, the Dogra general, commanding the Durbar troops in the 
Gilgit agency, together with the assistant commandant of the 4th 
Kashmir rifles, were killed one on each side of a British officer in the 
engagement outside Chitral with Sher Afzul’s men. 
The Hunza campaign was the first in which the Imperial Service 
