Coast line 
harbours, 
Anchorages, 
Climate. 
Health. 
Flora and 
fauna, 
Historical 
note, 
Inhabitants, 
Government, 
564 THE DUTCH EXPEDITION TO THE ISLAND OF LOMBOK. 
able in volume and fordable in many places, but, owing to the proximity 
of the mountains, are liable to sudden floods during the monsoon. 
The principal streams are the Menintina, Antyar, Dsanxoz, NARMADA 
(called Barnsax in its lower course) and the Bazak. 
The northern and southern coasts are very precipitous and are 
difficult of approach during the monsoon. 
On the west coast there are several good anchorages :— 
AMPENAN, open roadstead, steep beach, heavy surf during W. monsoon. 
Papane Reak 
Lasuan Compan 22 »” 9 29 oy) 2) »” By) 
TanDsJoENG KARANG ,, 5 5 
but partially protected by a reef. 
Lazuan Trine, good harbour protected during both H. and W. 
monsoons, entrance rather narrow. 
On the west coast :— 
Lasuan Hapsi, Proson Bay, Lompox Bay and Kenanaa offer good and 
safe anchorages for large vessels. The two first are regularly 
visited twice a month by the steamers of the Royal Packet 
Company. 
The climate is, generally speaking, like that of Java. It is not very 
healthy, owing, it is said, to the volcanic exhalations. The difference 
of temperature between day and night is great. Fever is most 
prevalent after the rice harvest and epidemics of small-pox and 
syphilis have repeatedly ravaged the island. 
The flora and fauna of the island are transition between those of 
Asia and those of Australia. Wallace traces the geographical boundary 
between Asia and Australia along the channel separating Lombok from 
Bali. 
The Island of Lombok was formerly inhabited by a number of small in- 
dependent tribes, called Sassaxs, who embraced Mahomedanism shortly 
after A.D. 1500. About 1750, one of the petty chieftains, quarrelling 
with his neighbours, called in the assistance of the Hindoo Rajah of 
Karang Asem in the Island of Baur. The latter came over and, after 
a succession of wars, the whole of the petty States were united under 
the Hindoo Rajah of Materam, who thus became the sole ruler in 
Lombok and whose title was Rajah of the Island of Lombok and of 
Karang Asem in the Island of Bali. 
Lombok contains about 656,000 inhabitants, of whom 600,000 are 
Mahomedan Sassaxs, 50,000 Hindoos from Bat, 6000 foreigners of 
Hastern nationality and a hundred or so of Chinese and Arabs. 
The Sassaks, the original inhabitants of Lombok, occupy the entire 
eastern and southern portions of the great plain of Materam and the 
Balinese the west coast and the north-west portion of the plain. A 
small number of Sassaks live in the territory of the Baliese and were 
called “ renegades” by the other Sassaks. 
The Rajah of Lombok was a despot and, with his Balinese chiefs, 
maintained the most grinding feudal rights over the persons and 
properties of his Sassak subjects. The Rapzns, or councillors, descen- 
dants of the Sassak nobility, enjoyed some few privileges, but were not 
3) 3) 3) 3) 39 PP) 9) 3) 
