6 
with the intention of firing at the same object accepts the Jast named battery’s 
elevation for its first elevation. 
The brigade division commander personally and by means of his observers 
observes the fire, but he must avoid giving battery commanders any instructions 
of the accuracy of which he is not quite certain. 
(35.) Changes of object are not to be undertaken, except by order of the 
brigade division commander, if the new objective is already under fire, reinforcing 
batteries should fire by salvoes. 
(86.) Battery commanders will only change their objective on their own 
responsibility if the safety of the battery becomes seriously compromised by a 
body of cavalry or line of skirmishers appearing within close range (say 1100 
yards.) 
Supply of Ammunition.—Replacing Casualties amongst Men and Horses. 
(37.) Brigade division commanders and superior artillery officers are 
responsible for the supply of ammunition and the replacing of casualties. 
Norz.—Ammunition Columns may be temporarily placed at the disposal of 
commanders of brigades (6 batteries) and of brigade division commanders. 
(38.) After the formation of brigade division combat échelons, battery 
commanders may no longer dispose of their wagons, except of the four wagons 
belonging to combat batteries. 
(39.) Brigade division commanders and general officers commanding large 
units of artillery decide on the situations of brigade division combat échelons and 
of Ammunition Columns, as soon as they have received orders to occupy a position 
and send orders explaining their situations to officers under their command down 
to and including battery commanders. 
(40.) The position of the brigade division échelon should not be further 
than 650 yards from the position of the batteries. The position of Ammunition 
Columns with reference to the brigade division échelons (at a distance of from 2 
to 34 miles) is fixed according to the plan of battle. 
(41.) The commanders of brigade division échelons and of Ammunition 
Columns must not confine themselves to carrying out orders, they must take all 
necessary measures to ensure their combination with the units to which they 
belong on their own initiation. In this way alone can the effective supply of 
ammunition be guaranteed in spite of all inevitable mishaps. 
(42.) The commander of the brigade division échelon reports to the brigade 
division commander as soon as he has arrived at his position. 
(48.) The exchange of empty wagons from the batteries for full wagons 
from the échelon takes place under the orders of the battery commander. 
(44.) When empty wagons from the échelon are despatched to the Am- 
munition Columns to be filled up, a minimum of four wagons is to be sent at a 
time under the escort of a N.C.O. specially detailed. 
(45.) Men and horses to replace casualties are at first to be drawn from the 
combat battery’s wagons until only one man and four horses are left. After this 
the battery commander demands men and horses from the commander of the 
échelon, who draws from the personnel of the battery reserve. When this 
reserve is exhausted, casualties are replaced from the whole personnel of the 
échelon till it is exhausted, according to orders given by the brigade division 
commander. 
(46.) ° The commander of the échelon takes advantage of favourable oppor- 
