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stroying the eggs of the cankerworm in this orchard, but 
were feeding on the eggs of the same insect in the woods 
where bait had been suspended. 
As the frost left the ground on the first warm days of 
spring the wingless females of the spring cankerworm moth 
appeared in the orchard and began ascending the trees in 
great numbers. The chickadees commenced catching and 
eating the females and their eggs. Mr. Bailey placed 22 
of the females on one tree, and in a few minutes 20 of them 
were captured and eaten by chickadees. 
As spring approached and insects became more numerous, 
the chickadees came very seldom to the meat. They were not 
as assiduous in their attention to the orchard, and a small 
portion of their food consisted of the early gnats which flew 
on bright sunny days. In early April they had nearly de- 
serted the meat, although they still frequented the orchard 
in search of the female cankerworm moths. They seemed to 
prefer animal food to all other, and even in cold weather 
would hardly notice grain or seeds of any kind, though one 
individual ate a few oat kernels which were placed near his 
accustomed feed of meat. 
Towards the last of April the English or house sparrow 
began to make its appearance in the vicinity and apparently 
drove the chickadees to the woods, as they disappeared and 
did not nest in the orchard, but remained in the woods, where 
they paired and nested. 
The English sparrow is largely responsible for the fact 
that chickadees are not now found nesting in our orchards. 
Though they still nest in the orchards on the remoter farms 
and in the villages where the English sparrow is not numer- 
ous, they seem to have disappeared in summer from orchards 
near cities. At the time of the advent of the sparrow in this 
locality, chickadees were often found nesting in old apple 
trees in the orchards in this region where now scarcely any 
are to be seen in orchards during the summer. 
In the latter part of April and in early May tent cater- 
pillars made their appearance on the apple and cherry trees 
in the neighborhood. Cankerworms were also numerous on 
the apples and elms, and appeared in some of the other trees. 
