ROOT PRUNING AND TRAINING 
As these trees are grown in limited space and tops are to be 
desirable dwarf, root pruning is necessary to suit your planter 
and still leave enough to support tree. If any large tap or 
coarse roots are to be removed on young trees, treat with a 
little Rootone by dipping in this powder, Long tap roots on 
older trees are best pruned by the strangling method, this is 
done by tying fine wire tight around root where desired and 
then pot up. In a few weeks replant and remove the tap as 
new roots will be started above the wire. 
Where tops are pruned cut new leaf buds to form compact leaf clusters. In pines etc., 
wait till new buds develop to look like small candles, then pinch back, half to three- 
quarters back. 
To train branches in desired positions, bend and hold in place with stiff wire till estab- 
lished in desired position. Trunks and branches can be twisted and bent in any position 
to get the desired aged and rugged appearance wanted in these trees. By using sharp 
knife the bark can be slit and girdled several ways to get aged appearance of bark. 
Many introduce insects such as ants, etc., to girdle trunk for short time by placing honey 
or syrup on trunk, 
To train roots over rocks, exposed, select a long root and place over rock, porous rocks 
preferred, letting end come in contact with soil. Cover for some time with moss or 
soil, when growing remove gradually where root is to be exposed. 
When you want to grow a tree to appear as growing out of solid rock, as we see in the 
mountains, take a rock large enough to suit and hollow out to size to accomodate 
enough soil to hold roots and plant as in other containers. Place rock in container of 
about one to two inches of water, rock absorbs enough water to keep tree growing well 
and healthy. We prefer this method where daily attention cannot be given to them. In 
sheltered place they will need no attention for a week or more. 
PLANTERS USED 
For starting seed we recommend veneer bands placed in flat or small clay pots. Also 
for growing for the first season many types of planters can be used, from deep pots and 
planters or shallow dish planters, also redwood boxes or cypress trays and the natural 
porous rock planters, For large specimens we recommend redwood or cypress tubs as 
palms are grown in. 
KIND OF TREES RECOMMENDED AND HANDLING 
The pines or junipers and broadleaf evergreens are always green and are well suited for 
dwarf culture. The maples, oaks, flowering cherries and others will shed their leaves 
as they do in nature, but some very beautiful specimens can be created with these trees. 
As trees must have their natural rest and dormant period, keep them as near to their 
natural surroundings as possible, letting them get frost in fall to get them ready for 
their next seasons life span. When kept outside, watch them, so as not to let them dry 
out too severely at any time. If you must leave your trees without care it is well to 
plunge planters in garden or moss and give good watering, they can survive a long time 
in this way without attention. We recommend building lath house toprotect from wind 
and hot sun, unless you have enough natural windbreak or shade when keeping trees 
