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TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION AND MIRAGE. 281 
shewn are the images of distant ice—ice which in the main was quite 
out of sight or quite beyond the horizon. There was extraordinary 
vertical magnification ; small hummocks of ice were drawn out into 
Spires sometimes of a castellated shape, and sometimes having the 
appearance of naked trees ; sometimes there appeared to be an ice city 
with public edifices, churches, spires, and so forth, and he notes that 
these effects were constantly changing ; they were never the same for two 
minutes together. There is no ship present here; it is merely a very 
extraordinary effect of the refracted ice. In Fig. 9 wesee his ship the 
“ Baffin,” and his look-out man at the top of the mainmast; he saw a 
curious inverted image of a ship in the sky raised considerably above 
the horizon. Now that ship was so distant that it was not even in 
sight, a powerful telescope showed no ship ; its mainmast was entirely 
below the horizon, and yet he observed this extraordinary appearance. 
These pictures represent only what was actually seen througha power- 
ful telescope. ‘The image would appear to an ordinary eye simply as a 
speck in the sky. Commander Scoresby particularly states in his book 
upon this matter that you get these beautiful appearances mainly when 
you search the horizon with a telescope. Fig. 11 depicts a remark- 
Fie. 11. 
able case in which there was much shipping near the horizon, and 
beyond that a great deal of irregularly distributed ice, and he ob- 
served a great multiplicity of images. One ship is represented with 
three images above it, all three inverted, and with images of ice 
corresponding to each. 
Other observations that are very interesting were made by Dr. Vince 
of Cambridge at the beginning of the century at Ramsgate; he ob- 
served with a telescope from a point raised 30 or 40 feet above the sea, 
from the top of a cliff in fact, and he searched the horizon with the 
telescope, and this is what he found and recorded. There was a ship 
