370 COMMENDED ESSAY, 1895. 
What we have to determine is how to bring it about that, when on 
the outbreak of war, these diverse elements are suddenly assembled, 
they shall at once amalgamate to form an efficient working organiza- 
tion. 
But what, we may ask ourselves, is the meaning of the term efficient 
when applied to Garrison Artillery ? and to this question we may fairly 
reply, that looking to the purposes for which the Garrison Artillery is 
maintained, we may Judge the force to be efficient, if it is capable of 
supplying all the known wants of the fortified places, and of making 
the best possible application of their armament in actual warfare. 
Organisation Now it is evident from this point of view, that before we can venture 
tousining. an opinion on the system of training best suited to the force, we must 
have a clear understanding of the organic principles upon which the de- 
fence of coast fortresses is to be conducted ; if instead of beating the 
air, we are to direct our training to definite ends. 
Angosiesm At this stage of the enquiry, it may not be unprofitable to see how 
' problems of an analagous kind are habitually disposed of in every day 
life. 
If we look into the working of our great corporate institutions ; our 
railway companies, our gas companies, and our great mercantile firms, 
we shall see two great principles invariably in operation, viz.: “ unity 
of management,” and “ division of labour.” 
And we shall further see that the division of labour is carried out by 
a minute classification of work. 
For differences of kind ;—By departments. 
Hor differences of quality ;—By gradations of responsibility. 
It is certain moreover that the tendency of the period is increasingly 
in the direction of sub-division. In every industry the departments 
become daily more numerous, while individual labour is at once more 
circumscribed in its range, and intensified in its technical character. 
To put the matter simply the world has recognised that the “ Jack of 
all Trades is the master of none;” hence ‘‘ one man one work” is now 
the order of the day. 
There is yet another point which we must not overlook as character- 
istic of all associations for corporate labour in civil life; it is that no 
one man, however capable he may be, is ever permitted to be indis- 
pensable. A process of instruction is always silently at work, and every 
man’s possible successor is to be found in his immediate subordinate. 
Thus the principle of stage management enters into the national life, 
and in the Drama of Labour there is an understudy for every rdéle. 
Fundamental Tjaying these things to heart and assured that laws which have 
proved successful in the industrial world may be advantageously applied 
to military life, we propose to see if it be not possible by their aid to 
satisfy the needs of our fortresses, and yet vastly simplify the training 
of their personnel. 
Pacis Our Coast Fortresses,' as we all know, differ widely in the character 
Coast For- 7 p : 
tresses gener of their works and armaments. In considering the duties of the per- 
ally similar 
gmige train. Sonmel however, what applies to one may be said to apply to all; the 
Similar train- 
ing 
1 The term Fortress here and elsewhere in this Essay is used to cover all Coast Fortifications. 
