NOTES ON GERMAN MAN@UvRES, 1894, 453 
officers, but in Germany both these work in earnest. 
Smokeless powder was used to a great extent. This gives a very 
great advantage to the troops of the defence, as it is much more 
difficult now to discover their positions owing to the absence of smoke. 
In the case of artillery it enables the intervals of the guns to be very 
much reduced where the ground is cramped and confined. The 
Germans however never reduce these intervals if it can be avoided, 
owing to the clearer target presented to the enemy. I once saw four 
batteries massed in action, and the intervals were less than half. The 
gunners and drivers were armed with revolvers; this I think is wise, if 
cavalry can get within charging distance, say a mile, of guns, they will 
if resolutely led assuredly get among them, and then unless the escort 
of the guns is strong enough or other troops at hands, the men of the 
battery are at the mercy of the enemy’s horsemen. There is no power- 
ful case or grapeshot now as at Waterloo. Thus in the war of 1866 8 
squadrons of the 5th Prussian Cuirassiers charged on 20 Austrian guns 
and took them nearly all. 
At Vionville on the extreme German left, north of Mars-la-Tour, 
the French Chasseurs @ Afrique charged abattery of Horse Artillery 
and held it for a few minutes till the German 11th Hussars drove them 
off. The men of the battery took shelter behind the wheels and 
carriages and defended themselves with revolvers; they suffered but 
little loss. At the same battle Bredow’s brigade of the 7th Cuirassiers 
and Uhlans in their celebrated charge rode through the French 
batteries and cut down many of the gunners and drivers. 
AY PEPER ND Text 
MANQUVRES OF THE 31st DIVISION OF THE 247n 
SEPTEMBER, 1894. 
DAS Dis IN ATR ML YE « 
SKELETON Enemy. 
Special Idea :— 
At daybreak the Eastern Army attacked the enemy, who was in position on the 
left bank of the Sauer above Worth. 
The 11th Corps has advanced from Diirrenbach and Gunstett and has driven the 
enemy out of Morsbronn, Lausberg (Albrechtshaiiserhof), has occupied the heights 
west of these places, and has taken Eberbach. The main body of the corps has 
pursued the retreating enemy into the Niederwald, where a severe struggle 
ensued, with the result that the victorious progress of the 11th Corps is brought 
to a standstill on the high road leading from Eberbach to Spachbach and Worth. 
Four batteries crown the heights between Morsbronn and the Niederwald, but 
after the capture of Eberbach, they have no objective to fire at. 
General yon Rocklin’s Infantry Brigade has occupied Eberbach and the small 
