544, CASUALTY RETURNS OF THE GERMAN ARTILLERY. 
from the continuous strain to which they were exposed. The casualties 
to wheels and poles are also higher; this again one might expect, from 
the fact that many wheels and poles may have been only partially 
disabled, or perhaps even only strained, in the first or second battle ; 
and that, owing to the absence of time and opportunity to thoroughly 
overhaul and refit, the weak points asserted themselves when the strain 
was continued. 
There is one more point of view from which it is interesting to study, 
the casualties to personnel and horses and the number of rounds fired. 
Appendix C. gives a graphic representation of the figures attained 
under each of these heads in each battle!; the batteries are arranged 
in the order of casualties to personnel, the actual figures reached being 
given by reference to the horizontal line cut by the curve; the casual- 
ties to horses and tens of rounds fired will be found for each battery 
in the same vertical line as the casualties to men, the actual figures, as 
in the case of personnel, being found by reference to the horizontal 
lines. 
The general result is not precisely what we might expect: it shows 
that the losses to horses bear a most variable ratio to the losses to 
personnel ; while the number of rounds fired does not appear to bear 
any ratio whatever to the casualties in personnel or horses; perhaps we 
may reasonably infer from the latter fact that the Artillery duel by no 
means represents the principle part played by Artillery in a modern 
battle-field, and that the Artillery on both sides may be better engaged 
than in firing at each other; the cases in which the Artillery duel was 
necessary, and formed the principle réle of the batteries, are easily 
deducible from the diagrams. In such cases it will be observed that 
the number of rounds fired bears a distinct relation to the number of 
casualties. 
1 Owing to the expense of printing, it has been thought sufficient to illustrate Mars-la-Tour 
only.—F.G.S. 
