CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 281 
least depth of caudal peduncle 13.3 (11.7); length of caudal peduncle 
from base of last anal ray to midbase of caudal fin 19.0 (22.2); distance 
from tip of snout to dorsal origin 48.2 (46.4); snout to adipose origin 
84.0 (80.9); snout to anal origin 78.0 (74.0); snout to pectoral insertion 
21.0 (21.4); snout to pelvic insertion 54.1 (50.2); snout to anus 68.6 
(65.5); length of longest ray of dorsal fin 18.5 (17.1); longest ray of 
anal fin 18.0 (17.4); longest ray of pectoral fins 23.0 (24.2); longest 
ray of pelvic fins 19.0 (20.5); longest ray of upper caudal lobe 20.0 
(21.4) and of lower caudal lobe 21.5 (21.4). 
The following counts were made, respectively: Dorsal rays iii, 8 
(ii, 9); anal 111,.6 (iii, 6); pectoral 111, 9—111, 9 Gil, 8—ii, 8); pelvic 1,7—1i, 
7 (i, 7—1, 7); gill rakers on first gill arch — — (5-++10); number of scale 
rows from dorsal edge of gill opening to midcaudal base 32 (382); 
scales from dorsal base to lateral line 34 (8%) and from lateral line to 
pelvic base 3 (2%); scales in front of dorsal fin 12 (11); additional 
counts are recorded in table 11. 
This is a small species, the largest specimen being 41 mm. in stand- 
ard length, and among the various lots are numerous females with 
fully developed eggs which cause their bodies to be greatly expanded. 
Greatest depth 3.8 (females with developed eggs) to 4.5 in immature; 
head 3.6 to 4.0; eye equal to or a little smaller than snout; maxillary 
not quite extending to a vertical line through front of eye; least pre- 
orbital width about 1.8 in interorbital space, the latter equal to the eye 
in the largest and contained 1.6 in the eye of the immature; pelvic inser- 
tion equidistant between or a little closer to base of caudal than to tip 
of snout; dorsal origin equidistant between adipose origin and anterior 
two-thirds of eye; 6 or 7 teeth, in outer row on each side of lower jaw, 
the middle 3 or 4 considerable larger than the lateral 3, the former 
directed forward, and a second inner row of minute teeth projecting at 
nearly right angles from near bases of outer row of larger teeth; all teeth 
with a minute denticle near base on each side; each premaxillary with 
6 teeth; first 4 outer rays of pectoral fin thickened and: sometimes 
the tips of the fifth in all adults, but in the immature none of the fin 
rays thickened; outer 2 pelvic rays thickened in adults; simple rays 
of both anal and dorsal thickened and sometimes the tips of the first 
branched ray; the short-pointed gill rakers well developed; gill mem- 
branes free and continued far forward before joining with the narrow 
isthmus; breast naked, no scales between bases of pectoral fins even in 
breeding adults; adipose fin small, its base over bases of last one or 
two anal rays or just behind a vertical through posterior end of anal fin 
base; origin of pelvics under the bases of about the second or third 
branched dorsal rays; caudal peduncle compressed; caudal fin forked, 
the lobes nearly equal; distal margin of dorsal fin truncate or a little 
rounded, that of anal truncate or a little concave in breeding males; 
second or third branched ray of pectoral longest, the third branched 
