CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 287 
anal fin 17.0: (18.4); longest ray of pectoral fin 25.6 (24:8); longest ray 
of pelvic fin 20.0 (21.3); longest ray of upper caudal lobe 25.1 (25.2) 
and of lower caudal lobe 26.6 (26.2). | 
The following counts were made, respectively: Dorsal rays 11, 9 
(iii, 9); anal iii, 7 (ili, 7); pectoral iii, 12-11, 12 (ai, 11-111, 11); pelvic 
i, 8-i, 9 (i, 8-i, 8); gill rakers on first gill arch 7+9 (7+10); number 
of scale rows from dorsal edge of gill opening to midcaudal base 35 
(36); scales from dorsal base to lateral line 4% (4%) and from lateral 
line to pelvic base 3 (3%); scales in front of dorsal fin 12 (11); ad- 
ditional counts are recorded in table 11. 
Ficure 34.—Characidium chupa torbesensis, new subspecies: Holotype, U.S.N.M. No. 
121415, 61 mm. in standard length. 
Remarks.—This subspecies, Characidium chupa torbesensis, of the 
Rio Torbes, is essentially like the one in the Rio Chama, Characidium 
chupa chupa, except for color pattern and certain statistical differ- 
ences of doubtful significance (see table 11). There appears to be a 
slightly greater average number of scales in the lateral line in torbesen- 
sis and a trifle higher average number of pectoral fin rays. The color 
bars extend below the blackish lateral band in C. c. torbesensis and are 
not enlarged into round blotches along the midaxis as in C. chupa 
chupa. 
Named torbesensis after the river from which it was collected. 
Subfamily PARODONTINAE 
VOLADORAS 
A study of this group of fishes indicates considerable confusion in 
regard to the definition of the species and their separation. An at- 
tempt was made by Schultz and Miles (Journ. Washington Acad. 
Sci., vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 251-255, figs. 1, 2, 1943) to distinguish the 
genera by the key given below, but material for a revision of the spe- 
eles is inadequate, and about all I am able to contribute at this time in 
