CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 317 
caudal peduncle 13.0 (11.1); length of caudal peduncle 15.9 (17.0); 
length of base of anal fin 24.4 (25.9); length of longest ray of anal fin 
19.6 (20.7); length of longest ray of dorsal fin 27.0 (27.4); longest 
pectoral ray 19.6 (21.1); longest pelvic ray 17.8 (18.5); length of 
upper lobe of caudal fin 30.7 (81.5); length of lower caudal lobe 32.2 
(33.3); distance from snout to dorsal origin 51.8 (54.0); snout to adi- 
pose origin 83.4 (87.8); snout to anal origin 65.6 (68.9); snout to pelvic 
insertion 48.2 (48.5); snout to pectoral insertion 27.0 (26.7); snout to 
anus 61.1 (63.4); distance from dorsal origin to midcaudal fin base 
54.4 (53.4); distance from dorsal origin to tip of adipose fin 438.0 
(42.6). ; 
The following counts were made, respectively: Dorsal rays 11,9 
(ii, 9); anal iii, 18 (au, 18); pectoral i, 11-1, 11 G, 11-1, 11); pelvici, 7-1, 7 
(i, 7-1, 7); branched caudal fin rays 17 (17); gill rakers on first gill arch— 
(8+12); scale rows crossing side of body 35 (34); scales above lateral 
line 5 (5) and below 4 (8); scales in front of dorsal 11 (11) and along 
one side of supraoccipital process 2 (2); teeth on each side of pre- 
maxillary 5+5 (5-+5); teeth on maxillaries 2+ 2 (2+2); teeth on each 
side of mandible 2+3—3-+2 (1 or 2+3—3-2). Additional counts 
are recorded in table 19. 
Body compressed, its greatest depth 3.0 to 3.6, head 3.4 to 3.8, 
in standard length; dorsal and ventral profiles equally arched; snout 
bluntly rounded, about % eye, and shorter than interorbital space; eye 
large, about 2.6 to 2.9, and interorbital space convex, its width 3.2 
to 3.3 in head; mouth terminal, a little oblique, both jaws of nearly 
same length, level of mouth when closed a little above lower edge of 
pupil; maxillary reaching to under front edge of eye; nasal openings 
separated by a dermal flap; predorsal and preventral areas evenly 
and normally scaled; lateral line complete; gill rakers short, slender, 
about 6 to 8 + 10 to 12 on first gill arch; second suborbital along its 
lower margin in contact with preopercle and scarcely any or no naked 
area along its posterior margin; teeth in both jaws in a single series; 
each tooth at front of jaws with about 6 or 7 points, distal margin 
of each tooth broad (see figure 41); each maxillary with 2 teeth; pre- 
maxillary with 5 teeth on each side; dentary on each side with 3 en- 
larged teeth at front of jaw and then usually 2 smaller ones at sides; 
supraoccipital process short, bordered by about 2 or 24 scales; adipose 
fin well developed; origin of dorsal a trifle closer to snout tip than to 
midcaudal fin base; pelvic insertion in advance of a vertical line 
through dorsal origin; a vertical line through base of last dorsal ray 
usually passes through anal origin; pelvics inserted an equal distance 
between tip of snout and base of last anal ray; distal margin of anal 
fin a little concave, that of dorsal fin truncate; caudal fin deeply 
forked; distal margins of paired fins a little concave; last simple and 
first branched ray of all fins longest; gill membranes free from isthmus; 
