CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 321 
of caudal fin 37 (86; 36; 35; 36; 37; 36); scales above lateral line 5 
and from lateral line to pelvic insertions 4; scales in front of dorsal 
11 (12; 12); 3 scales bordering the supraoccipital process; premaxillary 
teeth always 6 on each side and on each side of the dentary 4 enlarged 
teeth at front of jaw then 6 smaller ones posteriorly; gill rakers 
about 8-+14. 
Body compressed, depth 3.0 to 3.4, head 4.1 to 4.3 in standard 
length; snout a little shorter than eye, about 3.8 to 4, and eye 3.0 
to 3.2 in head; interorbital space convex, its width equal to eye; 
second suborbital covering cheek, so that little or no naked area 
occurs between its ventral and posterior margins and the preopercle; 
mouth terminal, oblique, the lower jaw about equal to upper, snout 
not projecting in front of lower jaw; the maxillary without teeth, 
reaching to under front of eye but not quite to under front of pupil; 
gill membranes free from isthmus, continued forward; lateral lime com- 
plete; adipose fin well developed; gill rakers short, pointed, about 
8+14 on the first arch; supraoccipital process short, bordered by 
three scales, usually not quite all the third scale; breast and pre- 
dorsal area normally and evenly scaled; dorsal origin in front of middle 
of standard length, closer to tip of snout by postorbital length of 
head; origin of anal fin equidistant between base of caudal fin and 
rear edge or middle of second suborbital; scales along base of anal 
rays anteriorly; anal origin under base of last dorsal ray; pelvic 
insertions a little more than width of pupil in front of a vertical line 
through dorsal origin; in females the pectorals not quite reaching 
to pelvic bases and pelvic fins not quite to anal origin; in males the 
last simple ray of the dorsal and the simple first ray of pelvics elon- 
gate, more or less filamentous, so that the latter reaches past anal 
origin, but the pectorals not reaching past pelvic insertions; adipose 
origin over bases of about second or third from last anal rays; length 
of base of anal fin greater than the distance between rear base of 
dorsal fin and adipose origin; caudal fin deeply forked; distal margin of 
anal fin concave, firstrayslongest; distal margin of dorsal truncate except 
for the elongated last simple ray of males; margins of pectorals and 
pelvics a little rounded; the teeth fundamentally 5-pointed, but the 
two outer points minute and sometimes represented by rounded 
knobs; always 6 teeth on each premaxillary or 12 teeth in the jaw; 
the premaxillary teeth (fig. 43) differing from the teeth on the 
dentary considerably, the former having the middle point longest, 
but on the dentary all three of the middle points of the same length 
with straight sides; the dentary teeth on eachside numbering 4 en- 
larged ones at front of jaw, then 6 smaller ones set off by a sharp 
angle posteriorly; mterhaemals not projecting on lower side of the 
caudal peduncle. 
