CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 333 
one of the latter, and these data, recorded in hundredths of the stand- 
ard length, are presented in table 22. 
Body somewhat compressed, depth 3% to 3% and head 3% to 3% in 
standard length; snout bluntly rounded; lower jaw included, the 
snout projecting so that the two most anterior teeth of premaxillary 
show on underside of snout when mouth is closed; mouth when closed 
a trifle above level of lower edge of eye; maxillary extending a little 
past a vertical through front of eye, but not quite to one through front 
of pupil; width of second suborbital about two-thirds eye, covering 
about one-half of the cheek and ventrally or posteriorly not in contact 
with preopercle; interorbital space convex, about equal to eye; eye 
diameter a little greater than length of snout; the ventral profile 
usually a little more curved than the dorsal profile; the greatest 
depth at origin of dorsal fin; nasal openings separated by a flap of skin 
and a small papilla projects backward from the front of margin of 
anterior nasal opening; dorsal origin usually over or a little in front 
of a vertical line through pelvic insertions; a vertical line through anal 
origin passing through a point about two-thirds the way out the 
depressed last anal ray; a vertical line through adipose origin passing 
a very little behind base of last anal ray; caudal peduncle longer than 
base of anal fin; gill rakers 5 or 6+49 or 10 on first gill arch, those on 
upper part of the arch much smaller than those on lower part of the 
arch; gill membranes free from isthmus; lateral line complete, de- 
curved a little anteriorly; teeth on the premaxillary arranged as shown 
in figure 48 and those on mandible in a single row of about 5 tricuspid 
teeth on each side; breast and predorsal area evenly and normally 
scaled; length of pectorals not quite reaching or extending a little past 
pelvic insertions; pelvic fins usually reaching to anal origin; distal 
marein of dorsal fin truncate to a little concave; distal margin of anal 
fin a little concave; outer margins of paired fins a little convex; caudal 
fin deeply forked; lobes of caudal fin scaled out as far as two-fifths their 
length; peritoneum usually silvery ventrally and anteriorly, but 
heavily pigmented dorsally and at sides. 
Coloration.—In alcohol the back is light brownish, pale on belly, 
sides with a wide silvery band above lateral line, except anteriorly; 
sometimes this band is grayish posteriorly and in the young darker; 
base of middle caudal fin rays with a blackish pigment spot, this 
pigment on the membranes between the supporting bony rays as 
much as on the rays, the spot disappearing about halfway out to the 
end of the middle rays; dorsal fin with a few scattered pigment cells, 
but never arranged to form a bar or band; humeral bar mostly above 
lateral line and vertically elongate, somewhat oval or wedge-shaped. 
The following colors of the fish in life were recorded: Dorsal fin 
pinkish, back yellowish; adipose fin orange-yellow; dorsal part of eye 
bright red; upper and lower lobes of caudal fin yellowish; anal fin 
