CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 361 
parallel with lateral line but not quite so with anal base; anal base 
sheathed with two rows of scales anteriorly, one posteriorly; belly 
normally scaled, rounded; predorsal area more or less rounded, 
hardly bluntly keeled, normally scaled, the middle row of scales 
similar to those along the adjacent upper sides; length of predorsal 
process about 3 times in the distance from its tip to dorsal origin; 
distal margins of dorsal and of anal fins a little concave; first branched 
rays of dorsal, anal, pectoral and of pelvics longest, the first dorsal 
rays of males longer than for females; caudal fin forked; origin of 
anal fin a little behind base of last dorsal ray; origin of adipose fin over 
the base of the eighteenth to twentieth anal ray; pectorals scarcely 
or not reaching pelvic insertion and pelvics reaching to anus but not 
quite to anal origin; length of caudal peduncle a little longer than its 
least depth; least depth of caudal peduncle about 2.2 to 2.3 in the head. 
Color.—Silvery on lower sides, upper sides and back brownish; the 
wide dark lateral band is faint but the elongate caudal “spot” is black 
and continues to end of middle (8 or 4) caudal fin rays; the outer tips 
of anal rays are black pigmented; inside of operculum with dark pig- 
ment; peritoneum blackish; humeral spot vertically elongate extend- 
ing from above lateral line where the pigmentation is greatly inten- 
sified to over base of pectoral fin, an area in front of this humeral 
streak pale and another wider one behind it. 
Remarks.—This new species resembles A. fasciatus in coloration, 
but the dorsal is farther forward, by over an eye diameter; the dorsal 
position is similar to that in A. metae and A. maximus but differs from 
them in having a well-defined humeral spot as in fasciatus. The five 
teeth in the outer row on each side of the premaxillary separate it from 
A. regan and A. albeolus. 
This species could be lined up with fasciatus if the dorsal were in the 
middle of the length of the body without caudal fin. 
This species lived among the rocks and rubble in swiftly flowing 
woter. It is named venezuelae after the country in which it was 
collected. 
Genus HEMIBRYCON Giinther 
Hemibrycon GUNTHER, Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum, vol. 5, 
pp. 318, 330, 1864. (Type, Tetragonopterus polyodon Giinther.) 
The species of Hemibrycon from Venezuela are all closely related, 
and I identify them as subspecies of dentatus on the basis of the much- 
decurved lateral line. This character needs further consideration and 
-comparison among the various species, as it appears to become more 
decurved with age as the body gets deeper and deeper. Certain species 
of Hemibrycon have been recognized almost wholly on the basis of 
depth in length, but I find in the large series of Hemibrycon from the 
Maracaibo Basin a profound difference in depth with age, the adult 
