CHARACINIDAE FROM VENEZUELA—SCHULTZ 365 
of caudal peduncle 12.1 (11.0); length of caudal peduncle 16.7 (15.7); 
least width of preorbital 1.56 (1.74); length of anal fin base 29.7 
(31.0); length of longest anal fin ray 13.0 (14.0); longest dorsal ray 
20.3 (21.5); longest pectoral ray 20.3 (22.1); longest pelvic ray 12.7 
(—); length of upper caudal fin lobe 26.0 (25.1); and of lower lobe 
_ of caudal fin 24.5 (24.9); distance from snout tip to dorsal origin 49.8 
(53.5); snout to anal origin 59.9 (62.8); snout to adipose origin 83.5 
(85.6); snout to pectoral insertion 25.0 (25.6); snout to pelvic insertion 
45.3 (47.9); snout to anus 55.5 (58.1); dorsal origin to midcaudal fin 
base 55.6 (52.3). 
The following counts were made, respectively: Dorsal rays ui, 8 
(ii, 8); anal in, 25 (il, 26); pectoral 1, 11-1, 11 G, 12-1, 12); pelvic 
i, 7-1, 7 © -); gill rakers — — (8+18); scales 41 (41); scales above 
lateral line 7 (7) and below it to pelvic base 5 (5); scales before dorsal 
—— (16); teeth in outer row of premaxillary 5—4 (5—4) and im imner 
row 4—4 (4—4); teeth on maxillary 11—-10 (11—10); scales along 
one side of occipital process 2 (2). 
Body and head compressed; the lower jaw prominent, equal to 
‘upper; mouth when closed a little above lower edge of pupil; lower 
edge of second suborbital in contact with preopercle; snout bluntly 
rounded, not so long as diameter of eye, about 1.7 to 1.9 in latter and 
4.0 to 4.2 in head; eye 3.1 to 4.1 in head; interorbital convex, a little 
wider than eye, about 2.9 to 3.3 in head; preventral and predorsal area 
rounded, normally scaled; maxillary reaches to under front of pupil 
but not quite to suture between first and second suborbitals; lateral 
line complete, decurved anteriorly; anal rays of males with numerous 
spinules directed basally; base of anal sheathed with a row of scales 
anteriorly; base of caudal fin scaled a little over 4 out on middle of 
lobes; origin of dorsal an equal distance or a trifle closer to tip of 
snout than to midcaudal fin base; adipose fin origin over base of about 
next to last fourth or fifth anal fin ray; anal origin under about base 
of last dorsal fin ray; pelvic insertion a little closer to snout tip than 
to rear of anal fin base; distal margin of anal fin a little concave, that 
of dorsal and pelvics truncate, and of pectoral concave, the latter 
fin pointed; pectorals usually not quite reaching to pelvic insertions, 
and pelvics reaching past anus but not quite to anal origin; the last 
sumple ray and first branched ray of dorsal and anal fins longest, and 
first two rays of paired fins longest; usually the dorsal profile is a 
little less curved than the ventral profile; the maxillary teeth are very 
variable in number, about 3 in the young and 11 in the largest adults. 
Color.—The following color notes were recorded soon after this 
species was removed from the water: Iris yellowish; margin of oper- 
culum yellowish or orange; sides of back yellowish, becoming bright 
yellow-orange on caudal fin and extending as a band to tip of rays; 
middle caudal rays blackish, below which is another orange band 
