178 VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EVOLUTION OF THE GENUS PARTULA. 
Combining the expected results for the known DD and DR parents, there should be: 
(7) Yellow adults: yellow young only, 23; yellow and red young, 24=47 
Empirically, we find the numbers are 41:6, but we may correct by withdrawing 3 
of the first class or 9.5 for transfer to the second class, when we get: 
(8) Yellow adults: yellow young only, 31.5; yellow and red young, 15.5=47 
The divergence between expectation and observation amounts to 18 per cent. The 
advantage in favor of the assumption that yellow is dominant is so slight as to render 
the results indeterminate so far as the Papeiha analysis 1s concerned. 
PARAURA VALLEY. 
In the general population, the yellow individuals constitute 75 per cent, and the 
red 25 per cent of all; among the gravid adults, however, the former amount to 
82 per cent, and the latter to 18 per cent. Classified according to their embryonic 
contents, the parents are as follows: 
(1) Red adults: red young, 5; red and yellow young, 4; yellow young 8=17 
(2) Yellow adults: red young, 2; red and yellow young, 2; yellow young 40=44 
When the red color is taken as the dominant element, the RR X RR combina- 
tion would occur in 75 per cent of the 44 indicated cases, or 33. The transfer of 
7 cases to the middle group of (2) is to be made, but the fractional value of 3 is too 
small in the case of the yellow adults with red young to be taken into account. 
Thus (2) becomes: 
(3) Yellow aduits: red young, 2; red and yellow young, 9; yellow young, 33 =44 
Proceeding further by testing the figures for the DD, DR, and RR classes thus 
indicated in an analysis of the small group of 17 red adults, we find that 3 are DD 
and 14 are DR. ‘The former would bear red young only, and 3 of the latter (or 1) 
would be of the same nature; the remaining 13 DR red parents would have mated 
with DR and RR in the theoretical proportion, and their offspring would be red and 
yellow. Theory would give the following: 
(4) Red adults: red young only, 4; red and yellow young, 13 =17 
When the figure for the first class of (1) is corrected by the transfer of 3 of the cases, 
or 1, and when the other classes are combined, the empirical figures are 4:13, which 
are identical! 
Proceeding on the alternative hypothesis that red is recessive, we find that 
among such parents, one-fourth of all would be RR X RR; only 1 of the 5 records in 
the third group is misplaced, therefore. Correcting the number in the first group 
by subtracting one-fifth of 8, which is 1.6, taken as 2, the numbers become 6:7:4=17. 
Working out the data of (1) on this basis, we find that 20 yellow adults would 
be DD mated with DD, DR, and RR, producing yellow young only. Of the 24 DR, 
8.5 would bear yellow young only, and 15.5 would produce both kinds. In short, 
in expectation there should be 28.5 bearing yellow only, and 15.5 of the others; 
empirically we find the numbers are 40.4, which, when corrected by the transfer of 
one-fifth or 8 from the first to the second group, become 32:12. 
