FOSSIL ANTHROPOIDS FROM INDIA 17 
of orientalis are definitely too small to fit on the type lower himalayensis, 
they yet fall within the limits of the same species, as Y.P.M. 13828 would 
occlude perfectly with a left maxilla of the type onentalis. 
K 22/448, a massive right upper canine (pl. 2, fig. 2; pl. 7A, B, C), may be 
either a very large sivalensis or a smaller indicus. 
From all this emerges the concept of a morphological sequence from Szva- 
pithecus sivalensis to S. mdicus. S. fricke comes from a higher horizon 
(Dhok Pathan) but is nevertheless close to the main line. The modern 
orang is possibly an offshoot of this series. Further comparative measure- 
ments of the species referred to Sivapithecus are given in tables 5 and 6. 
TasBLe 5—Comparison of upper molars referred to Sivapithecus 
S. sivalensis S. indicus 
IMatNE Sierra eine cle ereaes S393 (Hl) 35.5 (r) 
IN NY OA ee cg en Rotor Seo ert Bile om (le) DR ((iR,)) 
IMU iiaiavart sien. vont aiaiorsyarsveaere paper Okmuuieml2e2e iondee Le ap. 11.0 tr. 12.0 ind. 109 
iP, 10.5 12.2 113 
IN GIA Sos OO Oe DERCCe 8 11.4 13.6 119 12.8 14.2 111 
1 11.6 13.7 118 
TM EBS ACR Os Fee Ove ae Il, 11.0 13.0 118 12.4 13.2 105.5 
1, 12.5 13.1 104 
M3 post. cingulum ...... Slight Heavily cuspidate and extended 
backward 
M3 transv. ridge on meta- 
CONUIE Ramen cise aes he's Slight Intermediate to large and 
prominent 
TasLeE 6—Comparison of first and second upper molars of Dryomthecus and Sivapithecus 
M1 M2 
ap. ies Index ap. tr. Index 
prtohy prtopa tr. x 100 prtohy prtopa tr. x 100 
ap. ap. 
Dryopithecus germanicus 
(CAST) in ieterende escietatere bros 10.0 10.8 108 ILD} 11.2 100 
10.8 11.0 101+ 
Sivapithecus sivalensis, 
INO OWA e se ree ccd arareunees 9.8 11.7 119 
K 23/209 11.2 174.33 109 
KE 2ZOVAGCG) sitca a sere eae, wits 10.1 WiLe7 116 WIL 2 13.5 120 
Sivapithecus indicus .... 10.0 12.8 128 11.5 15.1 131 
From table 6 we see that in the first upper molar there is a marked 
increase in the transverse diameter (across the projecting paracone) both 
absolutely and relatively, as we pass from the primitive Svrvapithecus 
sivalensis to the advanced S. indicus. In this regard the European Dryo- 
pithecus germanicus (in so far as it is represented by the best known speci- 
men) lags considerably behind the Indian Sivaythecus. Similar differences 
are even more marked in the second upper molar. 
“Sivapithecus (?) ef. indicus” 
A single first right upper molar (No. 612, Y.P.M. 13834, pl. 1, figs. 13a—13c; 
pl. 5A, B, C), which is recorded from “Chinji, locality 96” by de Terra, is 
tentatively referred to this genus and species. It is but little worn and is 
superbly preserved. Its dimensions, ap. 11.3, tr. 12.4, ind. 109, closely ap- 
