FOSSIL ANTHROPOIDS FROM INDIA 11 
the incompleteness and extreme wear of the teeth, the surface features of 
the crowns are largely absent. Nevertheless the general forms agree well 
with those of the upper teeth, No. 617 described below, which we are there- 
fore referring to stvalensis (Lydekker). Even as it stands this upper set 
would almost fit the lower teeth of the type of Dryopithecus cautleyt, as 
shown by careful study of the distances between various cusp points. For 
these reasons we are treating the species cautleyi as a synonym of sivalensis. 
Specific characters—Lower molars intermediate in size between those of 
Dryopithecus fontani and Sivapithecus indicus; breadth index rising sharply 
from MI to M2, falling again to M3; MI intermediate or moderate in 
breadth, with small hypoconulid (cusp 5); M1, M2 increasing in size and 
markedly in relative width; M2 (relatively wide in type) with small hypo- 
conulid, fovea posterior small, crossed by anteroposterior groove; M3 large, 
elongate oval, with moderately wide talonid and well-developed hypo- 
conulid and entoconid, a small cusp 6, external cingula vestigial or absent; 
buccal and lingual cusps of moderate convexity. Upper molars with rela- 
tively large and wide M2, cusps well rounded, of moderate height, internal 
cingula absent, unworn crowns but little wrinkled; hypocone projecting 
markedly backward on M2, not on M3; M83 with anteroposterior groove 
beginning to notch crista obliqua (metaconule-metacone ridge) but not 
extended forward across central valley; posterior cingulum wall of M3 
somewhat beaded, not extending far backward. 
New material—The 1935 expedition yielded the following specimens, 
which are provisionally referred to this species: 
Number Horizon Specimen Measurements Plate Index Stage 
ap. tr of wear 
GTi etait cxedel's Nagri 1, 1233 8.7 eli 127.0 Il 
me, IE} 8.7 10.9 IL ies, 2, AD 155{0) II 
1, M1 10.7 IB 1, figs.4a,46 114.0 III 
TV ental: 13.6 1, figs. 8a,8b 119.0 I-II 
1. M3 11.0 13.0 1, fig. 6 118.0 I 
K 297466.... Nagri 1g, © 11.1 min. 8.0, 10.4 
1 Cc 11.0 min. 7.9, 10.4 1, figs. la—-le 
1, P4 7.6 11.4 1, figs. 3a,36 150.0 II 
r. Ml 10.5 e2e2 Moser, a, WD ALIS) III 
‘ 1. M2 11.6 13.7 1, figs.5a,56 118.0 I-II 
K 23/212.... Chinji il, © 12.5 8.6 68.8 
600 (Y.P.M. 
13832) ....  Chinji re Vie 226 11.6 3, figs. 3a, 3b 92.0 IT, III 
Nos. 617 and K 29/466 all belong to one individual (pl. 4A), although 
from different collections; the specimen is probably a female of Sivapithecus 
swvalensis with small canines. 
No. K 29/466, loaned by the Indian Museum, Calcutta, together with 
our own material supplies knowledge of almost the entire upper dentition 
except the incisors, and by means of occlusion of the'teeth with those of the 
type mandibular arch of Dryopithecus cautleyi even permits a restoration 
of the upper dental arch. As thus reconstructed the palate (K 29/466 plus 
No. 617) will nearly fit the type of cautleyz; indeed, it fits better than might 
be expected from the marked differences in wear of the upper and lower 
cheek teeth. At first sight the upper M3 appears definitely too small to fit 
the lower M3, but observations on numerous upper and lower jaws of 
