INSTRUCTIONS 
In order to obtain satisfactory results with the treatments recommended above, it 
is necessary to follow a consistent schedule in the application of the fungicides, to 
use them in effective concentrations and, in pruning to carry out the operation 
faithfully. 
SCHEDULES FOR TREATMENT.--Dormant sprays may be applied at the grower’s convenience. 
It is desirable that two such sprays be used. The first application should be made 
shortly after the beginning of the dormant period and the second should be made near 
the close of the dormant period. Since these are in the nature of "clean-up" treat~ 
ments, their effectiveness is probably increased by the higher fall and early spring 
temperatures. 
During the summer, the sprays or dusts used should be applied at regular intervals. 
The first application should be made as soon as the first leaves are well grown. The 
time of this first application will of course vary from season to season. Applications 
should then be made at two-week intervals through June or, if the weather continues 
moist, until mid-Jwly. During July and August the period between applications may 
ordinarily be lengthened to three weeks. 
Pruning for disease control is best done just before each of the periodic applica- 
tions of fungicides. If pruning is done immediately preceding each spraying, a regular 
schedule is maintained and trees are freed of infection before being treated. Naturally, 
petter results follow, 
SULFUR DUSTS.--Sulfur dusts are used in the form in which they are received. 'No 
diluting or mixing with other materials is required. Dusts can be applied with either 
hand- or power-driven dusters, depending on the size of the trees to be cared for. 
Hand-power dusters send a satisfactory dust cloud to a height of only about 10 feet 
beyond the duster nozzle. Trees over 15 feet tall should be dusted with a power duster. 
Preferably, dusting should be done in early morning while there still is dew on 
the foliage and before the wind becomes strong, but it may also be done after a light 
rain, while the foliage is still damp. 
SULFUR SPRAYS.--In the preparation of sulfur sprays fine wettable sulfur dusts 
are mixed directly with water in the spray tank. Directions as to the amount of dust 
needed for an effective spray usually are given on the manufacturer’s package or label. 
Koloform, which is recommended above, should be mixed with water at the rate of 15 
pounds per 100 gallons. "Mike" sulfur, also recommended, should be used at the rate of 8 
pounds per 100 gallons. A good, even distribution of the dust in the water results 
from a few minutes’ operation of the agitator in the spray tank before spraying is begun. 
INSTANT BORDEAUX.--Instant Bordeaux equivalent to the usual 4-4-50 Bordeaux mix- 
ture is desirable. For this strength 8 pounds of powdered blue vitriol (copper sulfate) 
and 8 pounds of superfine hydrated lime are required for each 100 gallons of water. In 
the preparation of the mixture, about one-fourth the required amount of water is run 
into the spray tank and then the blue vitriol powder, and afterwards the lime, are 
washed through the intake strainer as the tank is filled. A minute’s operation of the 
agitator in the spray tank before spraying is begun gives all the mixing that is 
necessary. 
PRUNING.--The effectiveness of pruning, whether used alone or in conjunction with 
other treatments, is dependent on the thoroughness withwhich it isdone. In pruning for 
disease control, it is absolutely necessary that all wood containing discolorations be 
’ removed, and it is best to continue cutting pack until a foot or more of clean, healthy 
wood has been removed below the part which is diseased. Sterility of the pruning in- 
struments is essential to prevent spread of disease during the operation. It is better 
to cut out too much than too little. 
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