s) 
TasLeE 7.—Correlations among the 10 species of Drosophila and 3 environmental variables, with calculated communalities 
1 the diagonal. 
2 3 o 2» 
fF «a e 5 OS 
& N = S 3 s 
o 3 ro) 3 S bn o 
a Reet om 5 Bo 
oo me 8 S 8 eS S ff & ae 
foo) 5 Se isd ~~ S < ans oO A = 
5 Say) as Pee eae mr ME OS > 2 ds 
oa ae cee es. Se SS) eee hate eo oesepeee x 
= Q S s < aS ES § OS on | g H 
melanogaster 35 
pseudoobscura 37 ~~ 90 
bandeirantorum 30) GD) 80 
“tripunctata 20” Ol S46 = 9852563 
hydet 0509002 5 — 00 17, 
immigrans WE PLE RE he Sh om 
viracochi Al = 13) = 00 =320= 938 6-09 8} 
mesophragmatica Ae = 980 9-56 09 5G =] 97 
brneict So get Oo O10 28-09) (05 =a) =45l gla) 
gasici alee Oma] 6 e877 OTS oU lee 26 ea 4 oe 6G 
min. temperature aller Sa Sei oe] (U3 7ee een 1 eel (e990 GOR UD 
max. temperature oe ee eet 0 oO aoe (2 08 di 28. 52 
rainfall ol ae 20a 09 O91) 00] 29 ee Ole OCR 06 05m OT 
ited. Rainfall was not significantly correlated with any 
the other 12 variables. Communalities were esti- 
ated, as described earlier in this paper, and the esti- 
ated communalities were entered in the diagonal of 
€ correlation matrix. The new correlation matrix, 
th all 13 variables and the estimated communalities 
the diagonal, is given in Table 7. 
This correlation matrix with estimated communali- 
s was then factored by the principal axis method. The 
envalues of the first three factors were 3.60, 2.28, and 
8, about the same as in the principal components 
alysis. The second eigenvalue is slightly higher, and 
> first and third eigenvalues are slightly smaller, than 
the principal components analysis (Table 2). There 
however, a significant drop from the eigenvalue of the 
rd factor (1.38) to the fourth (.61). Using an asso- 
ted eigenvalue of 1.00 as a criterion of significance, 
- loadings of the first three factors were computed and 
listed in Table 8. Comparison of Tables 8 and 3 
TABLE 8. — Factor loadings of the first three factors on the 
species of Drosophila and 3 environmental variables. 
shows few major changes in the first two factors but 
several in factor 3. None of the three environmental 
TABLE 
9. — Calculated 
reference-vector 
structure matrix 
after rotation to simple structure using the Oblimax program. 
Reference Reference Reference 
Vector 1 Vector 2 Vector 3 
melanogaster 3869 alGW2 1778 
pseudoobscura 8813 1214 0121 
bandeirantorum .8917 .0705 —.0342 
“tripunctata 20” 4832 = 052 .1608 
hydei .0509 —.0243 —.3676 
immigrans 13563 = gs .0703 
viracochi 1471 —.0075 = 8113 
mesophragmatica =e 3252 3045 
brneici 5194 .2502 .2109 
gasict OOM —.8286 —.0488 
min. temperature —.0889 —.7476 WY27 
max. temperature —.2096 =2NTe 6141 
rainfall —.2346 .0042 a2 2.0) 
TaBLeE 10.— Calculated factor-pattern matrix after rota- 
tion to simple structure using the Oblimax program. 
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 
anogaster .4001 = NDE, .2205 melanogaster 3994 .1678 1841 
idoobscura 8586 = PAIRS: .0661 pseudoobscura .9097 1218 0125 
deirantorum 8675 = ODay .0106 bandeirantorum 9205 .0708 —.0354 
punctata 20” .6489 3999 .0612 “tripunctata 20” .4987 —.5068 1664 
et ~.0495 -.0746 ~.3590 hydei 0525 —.0244 ~.3806 
uigrans 5451 6116 ~.0763 immigrans 3677 ~.7196 0727 
cocht —.0852 2172 -.7811 viracochi 1519 ~.0075 ~.8398 
ophragmatica —.9466 —.0052 3344 mesophragmatica —.9870 3263 eos 
‘ict O21 = NS .2746 brncici 5361 .2510 .2183 
ct Ay .7909 2287) gasict —.0596 —.8312 O05 
. temperature 1066 .7497 —.0947 min. temperature -.0918 -.7499 0753 
. temperature .0181 .4004 5398 max. temperature —.2164 —.2180 .6357 
fall 1726 1044 .2062 rainfall —.2429 0042 .2279 
