fhe Literature of Arthropods Associated with Soybeans 
ll. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG, 
Nezara viridula (Linneaus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) 
THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY on WNezara_ viridula Clee) 
Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is the second in a series contri- 
uting to the knowledge of the biology and control of ar- 
1ropods on soybeans. In philosophy and scope the litera- 
ire coverage in this bibliography is similar to that ex- 
ained by Nichols and Kogan! in their publication on the 
fexican bean beetle. This bibliography, like the one on the 
lexican bean beetle, is not limited to papers dealing with 
e southern green stink bug on soybeans. Relatively few of 
e listed references are concerned specifically with soy- 
ans. As for the previous bibliography in this series, the 
terest of the references will go beyond the scope of soy- 
‘an entomology. 
The titles in the present list were obtained from standard 
ference sources and cross references. The bibliography is 
complete as possible with no deliberate screening. A few 
the references have not been specifically searched, due to 
e inter-library loan service at the University of Illinois 
ing unable to obtain the references in question. These 
erences are designated with an asterisk (*), denoting that 
- authors have not seen them. A few of these are not fully 
ed but have been retained. 
References to reports in the USDA Cooperative Eco- 
mic Insect Report, USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin, 
d Canadian Insect Pest Review were not included, for 
ir indexes are very complete. Interested researchers are 
ed to consult them for information pertaining to south- 
green stink bug distribution and damage. 
The references are numbered and tabulated by subject 
| periods of publication (see pages 18 and 19), a decade 
ng the smallest period considered. A reference can ap- 
ir more than once in the subject index. This procedure 
Sused to make the cross referencing for the index as 
nplete as possible. 
\bbreviations of periodicals used in this publication 
ear in full in a listing at the end of the paper. 
[here are phytophagous species of stink bugs 
ntatomidae) that feed on soybeans in almost every major 
bean producing region in the world. Based on a cosmo- 
tan distribution and the degree of feeding damage, one 
chols, M. P., and M. Kogan. 1971. The literature of arthropods asso- 
d with soybeans. I. A bibliography of the Mexican bean beetle, Epi- 
1a varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ill. Natur. Hist. 
- Biol. Notes 77. 
es 
lis Paper is published by authority of the State of Illinois, IRS Ch. 
Par. 58.21. N. B. DeWitt is a Research Assistant at the Illinois Nat- 
History Survey. Dr. G. L. Godfrey is an Assistant Entomologist at 
a and Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois College of 
‘ulture. 
N. B. DeWitt and G. L. Godfrey 
of the most serious species in N. viridula (L.), commonly 
called the southern green stink bug in the United States. 
The species presumably originated in southern Asia and 
subsequently spread to the New World. The first New 
World record for the species is from the West Indies, ac- 
cording to Fabricius (1798), who called it Cimex spirans. 
Other early records are from Jamaica, St. Domingo, and 
Venezuela (Amyot 1845). Sagra (1857) later recorded it 
from Cuba. Distant’s (1880) localities include Costa Rica 
and the southern United States, including Texas. The rec- 
ords suggest a somewhat rapid means of dispersal. Wind 
might be one primary means. Distant (1880) stated that the 
species was blown on board ship more than 100 miles 
southwest of Madagascar. 
The stink bug feeds on the pods and developing grain, 
causing pitting of seed, and lowers market value and quali- 
ty of grain harvests. Its selection of host is not restricted to 
soybeans or legumes in general. Hoffman (1935) revealed 
that NV. viridula is known to feed on three families of mono- 
cots and 29 families of diocots with preferences for the 
Gramineae and Leguminosae, respectively. Perhaps it is 
this euryphytophagous behavior that has complicated ef- 
forts to develop satisfactory control programs for the pest. 
The nomenclatorial history of the name Nezara viridula 
(L.) is somewhat exhaustive considering the number of 
synonyms involved. Those wishing a systematic account of 
this should consult Freeman’s (1940) paper. It should suf- 
fice here to say that the frequently encountered names of 
“smaragdula,” “torquata,” and ‘“aurantiaca” refer to 
three distinct color varieties, but have no taxonomic stand- 
ing. 
We are grateful to Mr. K. S. Park for translating several 
of the articles written in Japanese. Drs. Richard Froes- 
chner and M. Kogan, Miss Martha P. Nichols, and 
Messrs. J. R. DeWitt and D. W. Webb provided sugges- 
tions and assistance during the compilation of the biblio- 
graphic entries. Mrs. J. Jansen typed the final copy of the 
bibliography. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
1. Asay, B. A. 1968. Studies on insects attacking beans in 
Victoneta Park, Rizal Providence, with special reference to 
control with insecticides. Araneta J. Agr. 15:106-119. il- 
lus. refs. 
2. Asut-Nasr, S., and O. Samy. 1967. Seasonal population 
of Hemiptera-Heteroptera infesting cotton plants in 
Egypt. Bull. Soc. Roy. Entomol. Egypte 51:105-124. illus. 
3. Acosta, J.C. M. 1967. Relacion de algunos insectos 
(Aphidiae, Largidae, Pentatomidae, Coccinellidae y Ma- 
