Fig. 12—Rough-winged swallows in fresh plumage in early August. (The brown back and brownish gray wash on throai 
breast are marks of this species.) 
Nesting 
Rough-winged swallows are not nearly as strongly 
colonial as bank swallows. Hess (1909) seldom 
found colonies of more than five or six pairs, one 
or two pairs at a place being much more common, 
in east-central Illinois. 
14 
Rough-wings apparently nest in a greater va 
of situations than do bank swallows. In additic 
nesting in the banks of larger streams, rough-v 
nest in the lower banks of small streams, in cre 
in cliffs and even of buildings, in drain tiles, al 
holes in bridges (Beecher 1942, Bodensten 
Mooney 1925, Moyer 1924, and Ridgway ] 
