“America”’) ; Klots 1951:175; dos Passos 1964:36 
(No. 262). 
‘apilio turnus: Worthington 1880:47; Holland 1931: 
318. 
Illinois records.—Map 34. 
This familiar and beautiful insect is moderately com- 
1on and is generally distributed throughout the state. 
arly-season individuals, like those of other species of 
le genus, are on the average smaller in size than later 
yecimens. Yellow females are uncommon to rare. We 
ave seen only five specimens from Cook County, two 
f which were taken by Irwin near Willow Springs on 
ugust 8 and August 12, 1966 (INHS). There are 
ven records of yellow females from the Streator area 
| La Salle County (INHS, RRI) and only four other 
ate records. Ellis regarded yellow females as “very 
re” at Danville, Vermilion County. Only one speci- 
en was taken there during a period of some 25 years 
TE). Remington, however, found the yellow females 
juite frequent” at Elsah, Jersey County (CLR). An 
curate picture of the ratio of yellow females to dark 
ies cannot be determined from records obtained dur- 
g this study, however, because it is not known whether 
not all collaborators segregated their records of the 
llow females. Dates on record range from April 7 
rough September 12. 
Papilio troilus Linnaeus 
Spicebush swallowtail 
ipilio troilus Linnaeus 1758:459 (type-locality sug- 
gested as “lower Delaware River” by Brown 1968: 
81); Worthington 1880:47; Holland pO see U: 
Klots 1951:178; dos Passos 1964:36 (No. 267). 
Illinois records.—Map 35. 
Although there are no records from the northwest- 
n counties, troilus probably occurs throughout TIIli- 
is. It is common in the southern half of the state but 
ems to be less common or rare northward. Although 
ere are few records from Cook County, and most of 
em are old, we have found the species numerous at 
arby Hessville, Indiana. At Streator, La Salle Coun- 
it was common only in 1955, having been found only 
ce previously and not subsequently during more than 
years of collecting. This butterfly is double-brooded, 
d the extreme dates of collection are April 2 and 
tober 5. 
Eurytides marcellus (Cramer) 
Zebra swallowtail 
pilio marcellus Cramer 1777(2):4 (type-locality 
“Virginia”) ; Klots 1951:179. 
pilio ajax: Worthington 1880:47; Holland 1931:321. 
aphium marcellus: dos Passos 1964:37 (No. 269). 
Illinois records.—Map 36. 
E. marcellus is locally common to abundant, oc- 
‘ring in close association with its host plant, paw- 
W (Asimina triloba). Individuals of the large, dark, 
nmer brood (lecontei) are more apt to stray from the 
inity of the plants than those of the smaller, lighter, 
1 brighter spring brood. Records are lacking from 
thwestern Illinois and from the northernmost tier 
counties (except Lake County). Jones & Fuller 
55) indicate the absence of Asimina from this gen- 
Bs) 
eral area, thus predicating similar absence of the but- 
terfly. Their distribution map of Asimina is nearly 
identical to that of marcellus, as is to be expected from 
the close host-plant association. As indicated by Klots 
(1951), there is considerable overlapping of broods in 
this species, but in general the individuals of the early 
spring brood are smaller and lighter, and have shorter 
tails, than the later butterflies. The earliest date for 
this brood is April 2 in southern Illinois (Union Coun- 
ty), and for the northern area it is April 20 (La Salle 
County). The latest date of capture is September 20 
(Greene County). In the generic placement of this 
species, we follow Munroe (1961). 
PIERIDAE 
Pieris protodice Boisduval & Le Conte 
Checkered white 
Pieris protodice Boisduval & Le Conte 1829:45 (type- 
locality “New York and Connecticut”) ; Worthing- 
ton 1880:47; Holland 1931:280; Klots 195 Te 200; 
dos Passos 1964:39 (No. 277). 
Illinois records.—Map 37. 
The checkered white is fairly common throughout 
Illinois, notwithstanding the probable harmful effect of 
competition with Pieris rapae. Early reports of the state 
entomologist of Illinois (Thomas 1878, 1880, 1881) in- 
clude both protodice and oleracea among insects of 
economic importance as pests of cabbage and other 
Cruciferae. They could scarcely be so ranked today, 
protodice having been almost entirely displaced from this 
status by rapae. Earliest and latest dates of capture of 
protodice in Illinois are March 7 and October 5, respec- 
tively. Maximum numbers are reached in late August 
and early September. 
Pieris napi oleracea (Harris) 
Mustard white . 
Pontia oleracea Harris 1829:402 (type-locality “New 
Hampshire and Massachusetts’) . 
Pierts oleracea: Worthington 1880:47. 
Pieris napi oleracea-hiemalis: Holland 1931:281. 
Pieris napi oleracea: Klots 1951:201; dos Passos 1964: 
39 (No. 278d). 
This species formerly occurred in northern Illinois 
but is now apparently extinct in the state. We have 
not seen any authentic specimens of Illinois oleracea, 
but the statements of French (1878), Thomas (1880) 
and Middleton (1881) leave no doubt of its presence. 
Thomas said, “This species is found only in northern 
latitudes, its range in this stage not extending even to 
the central portion so far as I am aware,” while the 
words of Middleton were that it was then “found only 
in the northern part of the state.’ The species was 
not listed by Hart (1903). The distribution map of 
oleracea in Scudder (1889) shows the northern tier of 
counties lying within its range, whereas Blatchley 
(1891) listed it as found sparingly in northern Indiana. 
The present range of napi, and its southern limits, were 
discussed by Hovanitz (1962) and Mather (1964). E. 
oleracea now reaches southern Wisconsin and southern 
lower Michigan. 
There are four specimens of oleracea in the INHS 
collection from the Selim H. Peabody collection. They 
