oe 
represent the form violacea (Edwards). A single in- 
dividual representing or approaching marginata (Ed- 
wards) is in the INHS collection, labeled only “N. Ee 
The larger members of the summer brood tend to 
range more widely into open country and appear to 
be neglecta (Edwards). F. M. Brown regarded speci- 
mens taken at Streator, La Salle County, March 28, 
1946, April 28, 1954, and June 15, 1954, Irwin (INHS) 
as intermediates between violacea and neglecta. The 
relationships between the various forms of this species 
are much more complex than the above very general- 
ized statements imply. Shapiro (1966) gave an account 
of the species as it exists in the Delaware Valley of Penn- 
sylvania; it is likely that similar relationships between 
the forms of the species prevail in Illinois. All Illinois 
material appears to be of the subspecies pseudargiolus. 
We have seen nothing approaching C. a. lucia (Kirby) 
from the state, nor do we regard its occurrence here 
as probable, although it was listed as a separate species 
by French (1879). Extreme dates of Illinois records 
are March 28 and September 9. 
In the Pine Hills, Union County, the immature 
stages feed on New Jersey tea, Ceanothus americanus 
L. var. pitcheri Torr. 
LIPHYRIDAE 
Feniseca tarquinius (Fabricius) 
Harvester 
Hesperia tarquinius Fabricius 1793:319 (type-locality 
“West Indies’). 
Feniseca tarquinius: Worthington 1880:48; Holland 
1931:245; Klots 1951:150; dos Passos 1964:59 (No. 
429). 
Illinois records—Map 65. 
The harvester is probably generally distributed in 
Illinois. The lack of records from many areas probably 
reflects lack of collecting, or overlooking of the species, 
rather than its absence. Although it is usually scarce 
and sporadic in appearance, only one or two adults at 
a time ordinarily being observed, records indicate that 
it may occasionally appear in greater numbers—“many” 
at Northbrook, Cook County, September 7 through 
September 18, 1967 (Heitzman 1968) and “several” 
at Elsah, Jersey County, July 14, 1943, Starrett (CLR). 
The flight is slow, and peculiarly wandering with many 
gyrations. Harvesters have been recorded from April 
14 through November. 
In placing this species in the family Liphyridae we 
follow Clench (1955). 
The larvae of tarquinius are carnivorous on various 
species of woolly aphids and represent the only North 
American butterfly with obligate animal-eating habits. 
The aphid hosts show up readily on their host plants, 
mainly alder (Alnus) and beech (Fagus). 
LIBYTHEIDAE 
Libytheana bachmanii (Kirtland) 
Snout butterfly 
Libythea bachmanu Kirtland 1851:189 (type-locality 
“Mahoning County, Ohio’). 
Libythea bachmannt: Worthington 1880:48; Holland 
1931210! 
Libytheana bachmanni: 
Libytheana bachmanu: 
Klots 1951:121. 
dos Passos 1964:70 (No. 482). 
Illinois records.—Map 66. 
The status of this distinctive butterfly in Illinois is 
parallel to that of the preceding species. It is probably 
statewide in occurrence, although records are lacking 
from the northwestern counties. L. bachmanti 1s spo- 
radic and generally uncommon but occasionally appears 
in large numbers in southern Illinois. According to 
Klots (1951) it is multivoltine. Date records range 
from May 8 through September 17. 
NYMPHALIDAE 
Anaea andria Scudder - 
Goatweed butterfly 
Anaea andria Scudder 1875:248 (type-locality “Mis- 
sissippi Valley westward to Great Plains; Texas”) ; 
Holland 1931:173; Klots 1951: 117; dos Passos 1964: 
70 (No. 484). 
Paphia audria: Worthington 1880:48 (lapsus calamt) 
Illinois records.—Map 67. 
We have no records of this butterfly from the north 
western counties, and it may not be present there. Else 
where there are only scattered records. The species i 
local and rare northward, becoming commoner south 
ward and abundant in southern Illinois. At Streator 
La Salle County, we found it one of the rarest of a 
regularly occurring butterflies. There was a small co! 
ony within the city limits which was destroyed abou 
1944; the species has been taken only twice since ther 
At Elsah, Jersey County, however, Remington regarde 
it as “one of our commonest nymphalid butterflies 
(CLR). These extremes illustrate the dramatic increa: 
‘n abundance of andria from north to south in the stat 
There are two broods, the first in mid-July and tl 
second, in greater numbers, appearing in mid-Augu: 
The second brood hibernates and reappears in the sprin 
flying until the end of June. The earliest and latest re 
ords for this species in Illinois are from April 5 throus 
November. 
Asterocampa celtis (Boisduval & Le Conte) 
Hackberry butterfiy 
Apatura celtis Boisduval & Le Conte 1833:210 (tyt 
locality “Georgia” ; Worthington 1880:48. 
Asterocampa celtis: Holland 1931: 168; Klots 1951:12 
dos Passos 1964:71 (No. 492). 
Illinois records.—Map 68. 
The hackberry butterfly is generally distribu’ 
throughout Illinois and is locally common in assoc 
tion with its host, hackberry (Celtis). A. celtis is dout 
brooded. The extreme dates of capture are April 4 2 
September 24, and the period of greatest abundai 
is in August. Individuals show a marked tendency 
return to the same perch when sunning and will ¢ 
out at any insect flying past. They are almost p 
nacious at times and may return to the shoulders 
net of the collector if they once alight out of curios 
