Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval & Le Conte) 
Tawny emperor 
Apatura clyton Boisduval & Le Conte 1833:208 ( type- 
locality “southern United States”) ; Worthington 
1880:48. 
Asterocampa clyton: Holland 1931:169; Klots 1951: 
119; dos Passos 1964:71 (No. 494). 
Illinois records.—Map 69. 
This species occurs throughout Illinois. It is local, 
usually associated with A. celtis and having the same 
host plant, and is far less common than celtis. A. clyton 
tends to fly and rest higher in the trees than does Celtis 
and may thus be overlooked. Dimorphism exists in 
noth sexes; some specimens having light hind wings 
with prominent spots (typical clyton), others having the 
und wings heavily suffused with black (proserpina). A. 
lyton is probably single-brooded in Illinois. The ear- 
iest and latest dates of appearance are June 18 and 
August 30. 
Limenitis arthemis arthemis ( Drury) 
White admiral, banded purple 
Papilio arthemis Drury 1773(2) :17 (type-locality “New 
York”). 
Limenitis arthemis: Worthington 1880:48 sKlots11951; 
115; dos Passos 1964:74 (No. 516). 
sasilarchia arthemis: Holland 1931: 164. 
Platt & Brower (1968), on the basis of genetic studies 
ind genitalic characters, established that Limenitis 
irthemis and L. astyanax, long considered separate spe- 
ies, are actually conspecific. In the narrow belt of ter- 
itory where the ranges of the northern arthemis and 
he southern astyanax meet, there appear various inter- 
tades between the two subspecies. Northern Illinois 
ies within this zone, and several such intergrades have 
een taken there. Various names have been proposed 
or these intergrades, principally proserpina Edwards 
nd albofasciata Newcomb, but we prefer to discuss the 
llinois intergrades in terms of the categories of inter- 
radation erected by Platt & Brower (loc. cit.) on the 
asis of the degree of expression of the white band. 
uch intergrades are rarely met within northern. IIli- 
ois, but the few that we have examined represent al- 
lost all categories in intergradation between arthemis 
nd astyanax. 
A specimen taken at Chicago, Cook County, no date, 
elinger (FMNH) is indistinguishable from typical 
rthemis except for the absence of red spots on the 
orsal hind wing, and the presence of two rows of 
lue-green iridescent patches; the white bands are com- 
lete and fully developed. Another taken at Oak Park, 
ook County, July 29, 1946, Solem (FMNH) is similar, 
xcept that the bands, while complete, are slightly nar- 
wer. This agrees closely with Platt & Brower’s Cate- 
ory 2. A similar example was captured in a forest pre- 
tye near Willow Springs, Cook County, August 23, 
66, Brady (TGB). Category 3 is represented by ea 
ecimen taken at Streator, La Salle County, August 
), 1946, Irwin (INHS) (Fig. 3). Ancther from Chi- 
'g0, Cook County, June 15, 1902, Gerhard (FMNH) 
pears to fall within Category 4. These are the only 
inols intergrades we have examined. Others have 
1 reported to us during this study or recorded in 
25 
the literature, but in the absence of specimens it is im- 
possible to determine the degree of intergradation which 
they represent. We have not seen entirely typical ar- 
themis from Illinois and doubt that it occurs, since the 
state lies somewhat south of its normal range. French 
(1879) listed proserpina as a separate: species, but 
Worthington (1880) considered it a variety of arthemis. 
Blatchley (1891) recorded arthemis from Lake Coun- 
ty, Indiana, taken by Worthington, and Masters & 
Masters (1969) listed it from Lake and Porter coun- 
ties, Indiana. All these records may be based on ar- 
themis-like intergrades, but the possibility of the occur- 
rence of the nominate subspecies in extreme northern 
Illinois as a casual cannot be entirely ruled out. 
Limenitis arthemis astyanax (Fabricius) 
Red spotted purple 
Papilio astyanax Fabricius 1775:447 (type-locality 
Painerica 9). 
Limenitis ursula: Worthington 1880:48. 
Basilarchia astyanax: Holland 1931: 164. 
Limenitis arthemis astyanax: Klots 1951:116. 
Limenitis astyanax: dos Passos 1964:74 QCNow aL 7)e 
Illinois records.—Map 70. 
This, the southern subspecies of arthemis, is common 
and statewide in distribution. Extreme dates of cap- 
ture in Illinois are April 25 and September 9. 
Limenitis archippus (Cramer) 
Viceroy, mimic 
Papilio archippus Cramer 1776(1):24 (type-locality 
Jamaica”). 
Limenitis dissippus: Worthington 1880:48. 
Basilarchia archippus: Holland 1931: 165. 
Limenitis archippus: Klots 1951:114; dos Passos 1964: 
799(No. 518). 
Illinois records.—Map 71. 
The viceroy is a common and familiar butterfly found 
throughout Illinois. The earliest and latest dates of ob- 
servance for this species are May 9 and September 20, 
and it is most numerous in late July and August. 
The larvae feed on willow (Salix) and poplar (Pop- 
ulus), and adults are usually seen in open meadows 
and roadsides, most commonly where the host plants 
occur. 
Vanessa atalanta rubria (Fruhstorfer) 
Red admiral 
Pyrameis atalanta rubria Fruhstorfer 1909:94 (type- 
locality restricted to “Mexico” by Field 1971:17 by 
designation of lectotype). 
Pyrameis atalanta: Worthington 1880:48. 
Vanessa atalanta: Holland 1931:153; Klots 1951:107; 
dos Passos 1964:77 (No. 527). 
Illinois records.—Map 72. 
Another common butterfly statewide in distribution, 
the red admiral is one of the earliest nymphalids to 
appear in the spring. There are at least two broods, 
and the long flight season suggests the possibility of an 
additional brood. Extreme dates of capture are March 
27 and November 4. Field (1971) showed that the 
