30 
Speyeria atlantis: Klots 1951:86; dos Passos 1964:94 
(No. 618). 
Illinois records.—‘‘Northern Illinois,” Gerhard (FM 
NH). Coox County: Arlington Heights, June 26, 1930, 
A. L. McElhose (FMNH). 
Other reported records could not be verified and are 
not accepted because of possible confusion with S. 
aphrodite. These specimens were probably casual; the 
species does not normally range as far south as Illinois. 
Speyeria diana (Cramer) 
Diana 
Papilio diana Cramer 1777(2) :4 (type-locality restricted 
to “Jamestown, James City County, Virginia” by dos 
Passos & Grey 1947:6). 
Argynnis diana: Worthington 1880:47; Holland 1931: 
84. 
Speyeria diana: Klots 1951:86; dos Passos 1964:95 (No. 
621). 
Illinois records.—‘“‘Southern Illinois,” no date, French 
(FMNH); 1890, “B. F.” (USNM). Cray County: 
Snyder (1900). Union County: Cobden 1869, Long- 
ley (USNM). VeRMILION CouNTY: SE of Danville, 
August 20, 1960, Ellis (TE). 
We have seen all of the above diana from Illinois 
except the Clay County record in the literature. The 
status of diana in Illinois at the present time is uncertain. 
Apparently it was formerly of regular occurrence in the 
southern third of the state, but at present it must be 
extremely rare and local, or more probably extinct. 
Thorough collecting in southern Illinois in recent years 
has failed to turn up this species, and it may well be 
that ecological changes have extirpated it. Clark & 
Clark (1951) mentioned the deforestation of parts of 
Virginia as a cause of its decline in much of that state, 
and it seems logical that this may have been a factor in 
southern Illinois as well. 
The only recent Illinois record is from the north- 
ern half of the state, which seems peculiar. One may 
hazard a guess that the Danville specimen, a female, may 
have followed the nearby Wabash River from further 
south, as diana has been recorded from Evansville, Indi- 
ana (Blatchley 1891). 
There are many references in the older literature to 
Illinois diana. Edwards (1864) referred to a specimen 
from southern Illinois in the collection of B. D. Walsh 
as one of the few then known. Snyder (1900) said that 
“its northern limit in Illinois is Clay County.” Skinner 
(1896) and Clark & Clark (1951) stated that specimens 
of diana from southern Illinois are larger than those 
found farther east. 
The state distribution map in the files of the Illinois 
Natural History Survey shows diana from “Southern 
Illinois, 1880,” but there are no Illinois specimens in the 
collection. 
Speyeria cybele (Fabricius) 
Great spangled fritillary 
Papilio cybele Fabricius 1775:516 (type-locality restric- 
ted to “New York City, New York County, New 
York” by dos Passos & Grey 1947:6). 
Argynnis cybele: Worthington 1880:47; Holland 1931; 
86 
Speyeria cybele: Klots 1951:87; dos Passos 1964;95 
(No. 622). 
Illinois records.—Map 89. 
S. cybele is common throughout Illinois. Klots (1951) 
explained that there is a single, extended brood with 
more or less continual emergence of the adults during its 
long season. As is characteristic of the genus, the males 
appear earlier than do the females. Extreme dates of 
capture in the state are April 14 and September 9. 
Speyeria aphrodite (Fabricius) 
Aphrodite 
Papilio aphrodite Fabricius 1787:62 (type-locality re- 
stricted to “New York City, New York County, New 
York” by dos Passos & Grey 1947:8). 
Argynnis aphrodite: Worthington 1880:47; Holland 
1931:88. 
Speyeria aphrodite: Klots 1951:87; dos Passos 1964:96 
(No. 623). 
Argynnis alcestis Edwards “1876” [1877]:289 (type-lo- 
cality restricted to “Galena, Jo Daviess County, Illi- 
nois” by dos Passos & Grey 1947:8) ; Worthington 
1880:47; Holland 1931:88. 
Speyeria aphrodite alcestis: Klots 1951:88; dos Passos 
1964:96 (No. 623c). 
Illinois records.—Map 90. 
S. aphrodite is apparently limited to the northern 
half of Illinois. It is much less common and more local 
than cybele and has a shorter flight season. We do not 
consider that alcestis is a subspecies of aphrodite. It flies 
in company with typical aphrodite consistently, not only 
in Illinois, but in northern Indiana and southern Michi- 
gan. It is therefore either a color variety of aphrodite 
or a separate species. We have records of aphrodite from 
June 15 through September 2. French (1879) listed 
alcestis as a separate species. 
Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) 
Variegated fritillary 
Papilio claudia Cramer 1776(1) :109 (type-locality “Ja- 
maica’’). 
Euptoieta claudia: Worthington 1880:47; Hollanc 
1931:80; Klots 1951:84; dos Passos 1964:96 (No 
624). 
Illinois records.—Map 91. 
This essentially southern species is statewide in occur 
rence. It is somewhat irregular and less numerous north 
ward. There are at least two broods, and they have : 
long flight season. The earliest and latest dates are Apri 
94 and November 12, and most records are from lat: 
July through September. 
Agraulis vanillae nigrior Michener 
Gulf fritillary 
Agraulis vanillae nigrior Michener 1942:7 (type-localit 
“Upper Matecumbe Key, Florida”) ; Klots 1951 :82 
dos Passos 1964:97 (No. 630a). 
Agraulis vanillae: Worthington 1880:47. 
