iation, and we can see no consistent pattern to the 
riation (Fig. 15), i.e., peak invasions do not appear to 
predictable. Essentially nothing is known of the causes 
northern shrike immigrations, or of the biology of the 
ecies in Illinois. 
All references to the food of the northern shrike in 
inois concern only one type of prey, several species of 
ds, most notably juncos and house sparrows (Sanborn 
21, Ekblaw 1920, Mayfield 1950, Gault unpublished 
tes 1898). Burtis Wilson’s notes (up to 1904) on the 
ienport, Iowa area related that northern shrikes had 
quently come into the city to catch sparrows in earlier 
us (pre-1900), but later were rarely seen (Hodges 
34). Northern shrikes have occasionally proved an- 
ying to bird banders by entering their traps to kill 
ds (Sanborn 1921, 1922). Lyon (1930) often killed 
ikes for this reason. Like logeerheads, northern shrikes 
ve the habit of impaling their prey in thorn trees 
chafer 1921, Ferry 1907). 
LITERATURE CITED 
TEL, K. E. 1942. Metropolitan Chicago not popular for bird 
life. Audubon Bulletin 44:8. 
,,and A. Reuss. 1932. Birds of Blue Island, Cook Co., 
Illinois. Odlogist 49 (10) :112-113. 
iT, A. C. 1950. Life histories of North American wagtails, 
shrikes, vireos, and their allies. U. S. National Museum Bul- 
letin 197:1—400. 
CHER, A. 1933. Changes. Odlogist 50 (3) :42—-43. 
. 1933a. Adaption. Odlogist 50(9) :119. , 
——. 1934. How our birds are doing here. Oélogist 51 (10): 
124-125. 
EMFIELD, F, 
1924723. 
AND, Mrs. 1922. Belvidere. Audubon Bulletin, Fall, 1922: 
32-33. 
1921. [Untitled.] Audubon Bulletin, Spring, 
FORT, JAMES E. 1941. Webster Groves Notes. Bluebird 
Si@i)'<5., 
KE, W. W. 1888. Report on bird migration in the Mississippi 
Valley in the years 1884 and 1885. U. S. Department of Ag- 
riculture (Division of Economic Ornithology) Bulletin 2:1— 
Sigs 
, and O. Wipmann. 1884. Bird migration in the Mis- 
sissippi Valley. American Field 21 (1) :9. 
Mont, P. A. 1947. Middlewestern region. Audubon Field 
Notes 1 (4) :154-156. 
. 1947a. Middlewestern region. Audubon Field Notes 
Ws) 177—-179. 
, and E. T. Smirn. 1946. Nesting season. Middlewest- 
ern prairie region. Audubon Magazine 48 (5):123-124 (sup- 
plement). 
on, D. H. 1878. List of birds in Peotone [Illinois] and 
vicinity. Forest and Stream 11 (3) :47. 
16, C. W. G. 1919. Notes on birds of the Chicago area and 
its immediate vicinity. Auk 36 (4) :513—524. 
. 1937. The changing status of birds as regards their 
abundance. Illinois State Academy of Sciences Transac- 
tions 30 (2) :295-297, 
Law, G. E. 1917. Spring census and migration record (Ran- 
toul, Ill.). Audubon Bulletin, Spring, 1917:52. 
~» and E. L. Exsraw. 1916. Spring census and migra- 
tion records for 1916 (Rantoul, Ill.). Audubon Bulletin, 
Spring, 1916:43-44. 
AW, W. E. 1920. An Illinois boy among Illinois birds. Audu- 
bon Bulletin, Spring, 1920:21-22. 
MAN, T. C. 1970. Current migrant shrike status in Wiscon- 
sin. Passenger Pigeon 32 (4) :144-150. 
veLL, E. D. 1919. Bird observations near Chicago. (Privately 
Printed, Chicago.) 188 p. 
Ferry, J. F. 1907. Ornithological conditions in northeastern 
Illinois, with notes on some winter birds. Auk ZA (Dye 
129. 
. 1908. The spring migration of 1907 in the vicinity of 
Chicago. Wilson Bulletin 20(1):27—40. 
Fonp, Ee Roos Cl SanBorn, and C. B. Coursen. 1934. Birds of 
the Chicago region. Chicago Academy of Sciences. Program 
of Activities. 5(2-3) :17—76. 
Gates, F. C. 1911. Summer bird life in the vicinity of Havana, 
Illinois in its relation to the prominent plant associations. 
Wilson Bulletin 23 (1) :1-27. 
Gautt, B. T. 1899. Early summer bird horizons from Milton 
Township, Du Page Co., Ill. Wilson Bulletin NGS) RI — He 
- 1901. February and March bird-life at Glen Ellyn 
(near Chicago), Illinois. Bird-Lore 3 (1) :26-27. 
. 1901a. August and September bird-life at Glen Ellyn 
(near Chicago), Illinois. Bird-Lore 3 (5) :166-168. 
Grazer, R. R., J. W. Grazer, and E. L. Kirx. 1970. Illinois 
birds:Mimidae. Illinois Natural History Survey Biological 
Notes 68. 38 p. 
Harkin, D. A. 1962. Jonathan Baldwin Turner: early advocate 
of the osage orange hedge. Illinois Research 4.(3) 219. 
Hess, I. E. 1910. One hundred breeding birds of an Illinois ten- 
mile radius. Auk 27(1) :19-32. 
Hopces, J. 1954. The Burtis H. Wilson Journals. Iowa Bird Life 
22( 2) :34—38. 
Hurter, J. 1884. List of birds. Ornithologist and Odlogist TONE 
85-86, 9(8) :95—97. 
Kewnicott, R. 1853-1854. Catalogue of animals observed in 
Cook County, Illinois. Illinois State Agricultural Society 
Transactions 1:577—595. 
Larsen, J. 1897. The white-rumped shrike in Chicago parks. 
Odlogist 14(7) :74—75. 
Loucks, W. E. 1891. List of birds found breeding in the vicinity 
of Peoria, Illinois. Odlogist 8(11) :224-226,. 
Lyon, W. I. 1930. The mid-winter survey. Waukegan, Lake Co. 
Audubon Bulletin 20:31—32. 
Mayrietp, H. 1949. Nesting season. Middlewestern prairie re- 
gion. Audubon Field Notes 3 (5) :237-238, 240. 
. 1950. Fall migration. Middlewestern prairie region. 
Audubon Field Notes 4 (1) :17-19. 
. 1961. Nesting success calculated from exposure. Wil- 
son Bulletin 73 (3) :255-261. 
Miter, A. H. 1931. Systematic revision and natural history of 
the American shrikes (Lanius). University of California 
Publications in Zoology 38 (2) :11—242. 
Mitter, L. J. 1935. Illinois. Inland Bird Banding News 7(3): 
5-7. 
Mumrorp, R. E. 1960. Nesting season. Middlewestern prairie 
region. Audubon Field Notes 14(5) :452-454, 
Mussetman, T. E. 1930. Report for central western Illinois. 
Audubon Bulletin 20:20—22. 
. 1934-1935. 1934 Nature diary. Audubon Bulletin 
24-25 :27—35. 
. 1937. 1936 Nature diary. Audubon Bulletin 27:36—44. 
. 1938. Quincy bird calendar for 1937. Audubon Bul- 
letin 28:27-31. 
. 1939. Bird notes at Quincy, 1938. Audubon Bulletin 
29:14—15. 
Nearinc, C. T. 1961. A shrike “graveyard.” Audubon Bulletin 
I OESO 
Neuruinc, H. 1881. Beitrage zur Ornis des nordlichen Illinois. 
Journal fur Ornithologie 29:196—203. 
Nice, M. M. 1945. Rare and endangered species of birds in 
northern Illinois. Audubon Bulletin 53:9—10. 
Notan V., Jr. 1955. The winter season. Middlewestern prairie 
region. Audubon Field Notes 9(3) :261—262. 
OseRHotsER, H. C. 1918. The migration of North American 
birds. Bird-Lore 20 (4) :286—290. 
Petersen, P. C., Jr. 1954. Bird records from Tri-cities, Audubon 
Bulletin 90:6. 
1965. Spring migration. Middlewestern prairie re- 
gion. Audubon Field Notes 19 (4) :480—482. 
Rmeway, R. 1878. Notes on birds observed at Mount Carmel, 
southern Illinois, in the Spring of 1878. Bulletin of the 
Nuttall Ornithological Club 3:162—166. 
iy 
