subterranean parts and adults feed on the foliage and 
sometimes on the green pods. The information out- 
lined below is based largely on accounts of the be- 
havior of C. trifurcata. However, it is likely that the 
behavior of C. ruficornis differs only in detail. 
C. trifurcata has two or three complete genera- 
tions per year throughout its geographic range. Thus, 
an abundance of adults may coincide with three stages 
of plant growth. In the Midwest, overwintered adults 
may invade soybean fields soon after germination 
and may destroy large numbers of seedlings. Re- 
planting occasionally has been necessary. Adults of 
the first generation are usually present during the 
period of strong vegetative growth. They feed almost 
exclusively on the leaves, and economic damage due 
to feeding per se results only when populations are 
extremely high. However, C. trifurcata also transmits 
he bean pod mottle virus. The effect of this virus 
m yield is not clear, but there is evidence that when 
nultiple infections occur it may have a synergistic 
lationship with the soybean mosaic virus. C. rufi- 
ornis is known to transmit the cowpea mosaic virus. 
Adults of the last generation may accumulate in late 
naturing fields and attack green pods. In such cases 
he yield is directly affected. 
Intercrop relationships are an important factor to 
e considered in pest-management programs involv- 
ng the bean leaf beetles. Isely (1942)" reported 
hat in Arkansas enormous populations of adult C. 
rifurcata developed on soybeans. Snapbeans for the 
all market were planted in midsummer and were still 
reen when the early-planted soybeans were losing 
heir leaves and nearing maturity. The smaller acre- 
ges of snapbeans were then suddenly flooded with 
arge numbers of beetles emigrating from the soy- 
ean fields. 
At least four additional species of Cerotoma are 
nown to be associated with soybeans or other grain 
-gumes in South America. C. facialis Erickson, 1847," 
nd C. salvini Baly, 1866,” are known from Panama, 
‘olombia, and Peru; C. [Andrector] ruficollis (Fabri- 
ius, 1801)" and C. unicornis (Germar, 1824)" are 
nown from Brazil. Published information on these 
pecies consists of little more than the original de- 
criptions and listings in faunistic surveys and system- 
tic catalogues. The pertinent literature on the 
razilian species up to December 1962 may be found 
1 Silva et al. ( 1967)". 
10 See entry 174 in the bibliography. 
" Erickson, G. F. 1847. Conspectus insectorum Coleopterorum 
M1) <7 pape blica Peruana observata sunt. Arch. Naturgesch. 
“UBaly, G. F. 1866. New genera and species of Gallerucinae. 
rans. Entomol. Soc. London (Ser. 3) 2:471-478. 
| ‘See entry 114 in the bibliography. 
“See entry 130 in the bibliography. 
a Silva, A. et al. 1967-1968. Quarto catalogo dos insetos que 
vem nas plantas do Brasil seus parasitos e predadores. Minis- 
Tio da Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2 vols. 
| 
This bibliography follows closely the format and 
style of the two previous publications in this series." 
Sources of the entries listed were primarily Biological 
Abstracts, The Review of Applied Entomology Series 
A, Bio-Research Index, Biological and Agricultural 
Index, Index to the Literature of American Economic 
Entomology, and references cited in articles and in- 
quiries to researchers. All entries except No. 121 were 
examined. The references are listed alphabetically by 
author and numbered consecutively. The numbers are 
arranged in a table (see pages 8 and 9) according 
to subject and period of publication. A reference 
may be listed under more than one subject. Refer- 
ences which apply to C. trifurcata are tabulated by 
number in lightface type. Those which apply to C. 
ruficornis follow and are in boldface type. References 
which refer to both species will appear twice under 
a heading. 
Interested researchers are urged to consult the 
USDA Cooperative Economic Insect Report and the 
USDA Insect Pest Survey Bulletin for further infor- 
mation concerning C. trifurcata. 
SIRIC (Soybean Insect Research and Information 
Center, Illinois Natural History Survey and University 
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) has developed a 
series of computer programs which make possible 
more detailed searches of the literature according to 
subject matter. All citations in this bibliography are 
stored on tape, and can be retrieved through a series 
of key words which define categories considerably 
more refined than those listed in the table on pages 
8 and 9. The computerized information system 
greatly increases the usefulness of the printed bibliog- 
raphies, and the two together are an important part 
of the effort of the Illinois Soybean Entomology Team 
to search out, compile, and organize for ready access 
the ever-increasing information on soybean entomol- 
ogy for the benefit of all professionals working in this 
area. 
Abbreviations and complete titles of the sources 
which appear in the bibliographic entries are to be 
found in a listing at the end of the paper. 
We are grateful to Dr. Donald C. Herzog, Depart- 
ment of Entomology, Louisiana State University, for 
making his bibliography on Cerotoma available to us. 
Mrs. Jo Ann Auble typed the introduction and Mr. 
Raymond Kotek typed the bibliography and did por- 
tions of the bibliographic search. Mr. O. F. Glissen- 
dorf edited the manuscript and Mr. Lloyd LeMere 
designed the cover which shows a photograph by 
Mr. Wilmer Zehr. Their collaboration is gratefully 
acknowledged. 
16 Nichols, M. P., and M. Kogan. 1972. The literature of arthro- 
pods associated with soybeans. I. A bibliography of the Mexican 
bean beetle, Hpilachna varivestis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinel- 
lidae). Il. Natur. Hist. Surv. Biol. Notes 77. 20 p. 
DeWitt, N. B., and G. L. Godfrey. 1972. The literature of 
arthropods associated with soybeans. II. A bibliography of the 
southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemip- 
tera: Pentatomidae). Ill. Natur. Hist. Surv. Biol. Notes 78. 23 Dp. 
3 
