114 W. B. Rudman 
morphology and its functional, ecological phylogenetic and taxonomic implications. The Veliger 25: 1-42. 
Borkowski, T.V. 1971. Reproduction and reproductive periodicities of south Floridian Littorinidae (Gastropoda: 
Prosobranchia). Bulletin of Marine Science 21: 826-840. 
Branch, G.M. & Branch, M.L. 1981. Experimental analysis of intraspecific competition in an intertidal gastropod, 
Littorina unifasciata. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32: 573—589. 
Chen, Y.S. & Richardson, A.M.M. 1987. Factors affecting the size structure of two populations of the intertidal 
periwinkle, Nodilittorina unifasciata (Gray, 1839), in the Derwent River, Tasmania. Journal of Molluscan Studies 
53: 69-78. 
Habe, T. 1956. The floating egg capsules of the Japanese Periwinkles (Littorinidae). Venus 19: 117-121. 
Kojima, Y. 19572. On the breeding of Periwinkles, Littorivaga brevicula (Philippi) and Littorivaga atkana (Dall). Venus 
19: 224—229. 
Kojima, Y. 1957b. On the floating egg capsule of Periwinkles, Littorina squalida (Philippi) and Nodilittorina 
pyramidalis (Quoy & Gaimard). Venus 19: 233-237. 
Kojima, Y. 1958. On the planktonic egg capsules of Littorivaga mandschuria (Schrenk) and Littoraria strigata 
(Lischke). Venus 20: 80-86. 
Ohgaki, S. 1981. Spawning activity іп Nodilittorina exigua and Peasiella roepstorffiana (Littorinidae, Gastropoda). 
Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 26: 437—446. 
Pilkington, M.C., 1971. Eggs, larvae, and spawning in Melaraphe cincta (Quoy & Gaimard) and M. oliveri Finlay 
(Littorinidae, Gastropoda). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 22: 79—90. 
Reid, D.R. 1986. The littorinid Molluscs of Mangrove Forests in the Indo-Pacific Region: the genus Littoraria. British 
Museum of Natural History, London. 1-228 
Reid, DR 1989. The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. 
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 324: 1-110. 
Reid, D.R. 1990. A cladistic phylogeny of the genus Littorina (Gastropoda): implications for the evolution of 
reproductive strategies and for classification. Hydrobiologia 193: 1—19. 
Rosewater, J. 1970. The family Littorinidae in the Indo-Pacific. Part I. The subfamily Littorininae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 
2(11): 417—534. 
Tin Nwe 1974. Littorina unifasciata Gray and L. praetermissa May (Mesogastropoda, Littorinidae) in South Australia. 
Unpublished PhD. thesis, University of Adelaide. (not seen). 
Underwood, A.J. 1974. The reproductive cycles and geographic distribution of some common eastern Australian 
prosobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25: 63-88. 
Underwood, A.J. & Chapman, M.G. 1989. Experimental analyses of the influences of topography of the substratum on 
movements and density of an intertidal snail, Littorina unifasciata. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and 
Ecology 134: 175-196. 
Wells, F.E. 1984. Population characteristics of the periwinkle, Nodilittorina unifasciata, on a vertical rock cliff in 
Western Australia. Nautilus 98: 102-107. 
