388 SPIRORBIS VIOLACEUS. 
to depend largely on the shape of the operculum as Philippi! and Marion and Bobretzky’ did 
in the case of Spirorbis cornu-arietis, for the collar-bristles agree with known types. 
Division 1.—Tube Dextral. 
A. Incubation in Tube. 
a. Tube vitreous; four thoracic segments; last thoracic segment without dorsal 
bristles ; first bristles without notch and basal fins, though a trace of the latter may occur, 
1. SPIRORBIS VIOLACEUS, Levinsen; var. CAULLERYI, McIntosh, 1916. Plate CXXXII, figs. 
3, 3a, 3b, and 3c—bristles, figs. 3d and 3e—tube; Plate CXXXVI, fig. 20—hook, 
Specific Characters.—Collar typical; branchiz four in number on each side—normal. 
Body with three bristled thoracic segments. Collar-bristles generally have no distinct 
gap at the base of the tip, where the serrations are coarse, or a modified one. 
The bristles of the third tuft show sickle-shaped forms, with serrations at the tip. 
Bristles of the posterior region have their tips bent nearly at a right angle (geniculate) 
and coarsely serrated. Tube vitreous, slightly bluish when fresh, coiled from left 
to right, and raised, so that the aperture is often on the summit of the spire. Whorls 
boldly ridged, and the ridges affect the aperture, which is generally transversely elongated. 
The whorls form a conical mass, with a flattened base of attachment in the centre of which 
is the primary coil. Anterior hooks thin, diaphanous, with a straight, finely toothed anterior 
edge, and a spur inferiorly ; upper margin curved a little downward, convex next the serrated 
edge ; lower margin nearly straight. Reproduction ccelomic. 
SYNONYMS. 
1780. Serpula granulata, O. Fabricius. Faun. Greenl., p. 380. 
1861-3.? Spirorbis granulata, Morch. Natur. Tidsskr., p. 434. 
1878. Spirorbis verruca, McIntosh. Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. 2, Zool., p. 509. 
NSB, Fg violaceus, Levinsen. Vid. Meddel. naturh. Forh., 1883, pp. 202 and 209, ‘lab. u, 
fig. 8, Tab. i, fig. 19. 
1897. ~ - Caullery and Mesnil. Bull. Sc. Fr. et Belgique, t. xxx, p. 197, pl. vu, fig. 3. 
1905. * ~ Bush. ‘Tubicol. Annel. Pacific, p. 242, pl. xl, figs. 1 and 2, pl. xlu, 
figs. 8—12. 
1909. % * Fauvel. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., exlu, p. 53. 
1911. 5 7s idem. Ibid., No. 194, p. 38. 
1912. * i Pixell. Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 794. 
es a violaceum, Wollebek. Skrift. Vidensk. Krist., Bd. 1, No. 18, p. 113, pl. xliv, fig. 5. 
1914. a violaceus, Fauvel. Campag. Scient. Monaco, xlvi, p. 330. 
1916. Be Caulleryi, McIntosh. Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. xvii, p. 187. 
Habitat—On the under surfaces of stones in tidal pools in Guernsey and Herm. It is 
by no means common. 
1 «Arch, f. Naturges,’ 1844, p. 195, pl. vi, fig. 8. 
DS INTING [Xo WAY CO? MEP» ih Ty jo VY, jal sari, iter, D7, 
