FILOGRANA IMPLEXA. 339 
transverse fission as well as sexually. Tubes calcareous, more or less parallel and aggregate, 
white and cylindrical, often in large fenestrated masses. 
The genus Salmacina of Claparéde is here held to be synonymous. It is described as 
having similar branchiz, with a circular basal membrane, no operculum; first thoracic 
segment bears larger capillary bristles than the succeeding ; capillary bristles at the third 
segment are dentate on the margin; forms calcareous tubes in masses. This diagnosis 
answers equally for Falograna. 
[. FinoGRaNA IMPLEXA, Berkeley, 1827. Plate CXVI, figs. 5 and 5a—body and bud; Plate 
CXVII, figs. 2—2c—body, buds, tubes; Plate CX XI, fig. 8—tubes in mass; Plate CX XII, 
fig. 1—nephridia; Plate CXX XVII, figs. 20—20c¢ and 21—bristles and hook. 
Specific Characters.—Cephalic plate with four branchiz on each side, the dorsal filament 
in each terminating in a thin ovate operculum or devoid of it, the others having short 
processes at the end. Pinne proportionally thick with rounded and often curved ends. 
Collar open dorsally, a lateral fan-shaped flap on each side, and a broad ventral flap split 
except at the base into two lamelle. Two eyes on the dorsum of the cephalic region. 
Body of about twenty-four segments, with seven to ten bristled segments anteriorly, 
the first pair of tufts on the third segment being directed forward and outward, the rest 
obliquely upward and backward. Then a region devoid of bristles occurs, followed by 
another with long slender bristles (usually two in each tuft), a bare region in front of the 
tail, and lastly a terminal anus with a rounded papilla at each side. Anterior bristles of two 
kinds, simple translucent bristles with straight shafts and tapered knife-like tips, and two 
others with curved and broader tips with a serrated differentiation at the base. ‘The 
posterior bristles have very long tapering tips, with an enlargement at the commencement. 
Single, long rows of hooks below the bristles in front, and short rows above the bristles 
posteriorly. Hooks with a straight line of spikes above the main fang anteriorly, an 
incurvation and convexity below it, a crown sloping posteriorly to a short base. 
Caleareous tubes, small, aggregate, white and cylindrical—forming masses 7 inches 
by 10 inches or more. Reproduction by budding posteriorly, as well as sexually. 
Lamarck (1818) placed Fvlograna under his Serpulids, truly stating that its calcareous 
tubes were capillary, in bundles and permeated by spaces. It has a wide distribution, viz., 
from the Mediterranean to New Holland. Philippi! again, criticised Lamarck’s statement 
that there were eight tentacles, instead of two, but Lamarck evidently referred to the 
branchiee. 
SYNONYMS. 
1697. Rete marina, Boccone. Museo di Fisica, p. 288, tab. ii, fig. 3; tab. vn, fig. 2. 
1710. Reticulatwm trophaceum. Ray Lhist., 1, p. 67. 
1758. Congeries minutorwn tubulorwm, Seba. Thes., vol. iti, p. 189, pl. ¢, fig. 8. 
1766. Serpula filograna, Linneeus. Syst. Nat., xu, p. 1265. 
i 5 corallifica, Pallas. Zoophytes, p. 239. 
1 “ Archiv f. Nat.,’ 1844, p. 196. 
213 
